Energy paper (1)

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Feb 20, 2024

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Paper on How should energy companies support/ create a charging network for EVs I have used Gpt3.5 for the structure of the paper. I. Introduction The move towards electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial for addressing climate change and lessening our dependence on traditional fuels. However, a major hurdle for wider EV adoption is the need for a strong and widespread charging system. In this paper, energy companies can examine diverse options to help and create extensive charging networks for electric vehicles. This exploration will consider technological advancements, regulatory guidelines, and sustainability goals. 1 of 5

II. Background A. Growth of the Electric Vehicle Market  The market share of Evs has shown significant growth in the past few years. It has grown from 4% in 2020 to 14 % in 2022, that is more than 3 times growth and in the upcoming years the percentage of growth is expected to be much higher around 35% each year. There are many factors boosting the sales of EVs, such as incentives, rise in oil and gas prices and many more. If this growth rate continues till 2030 then it will reduce the amount of daily oil consumption in vehicles by 5 million barrels each day. ( www.iea.org) B. The Importance of Charging Infrastructure  Charging infrastructure plays a key role in overcoming range anxiety. Drivers need easy and affordable ways to address concerns about range anxiety and charging time, so there should be a charging station every 50 miles on every route with fast chargers. Also, there is a need to expand charging stations to encourage individuals to switch to electric vehicles.  There are more than 2000 charging stations across Texas. Most of the people charge their vehicle in the night time at their home and what if somebody is traveling long distance, for them there are charging stations found along the highway there are many different companies who provide with fast chargers to charge the electric vehicle along the route Electrify America, Tesla, EVgo, and ChargePoint. ( www.txdot.gov ). As mentioned above in (A) the expected growth of adoption of Electric vehicle is expected to rise by 35% each year so to fulfill the demand of charging stations energy companies need to cope up with the expected growth rate. It is forecasted that by the year 2030 the 40% of global share of vehicles will be occupied by electric vehicles that would be an enormous number of around 60 million including around 20 million of hybrid vehicles. ( www.morningstar.com ) III. Current State of Charging Infrastructure A. Existing Challenges  “The EV charging infrastructure deployment is at an early stage, with significant regional disparities in availability and accessibility. Standardization in charging technology is lacking, making it difficult for manufacturers to produce cars and charging stations that are compatible with each other. The high upfront costs of installation make it 2 of 5

unattractive for private companies to invest. The future of EV charging infrastructure is bright, with significant developments on the horizon that will likely shape the industry in the coming years. The deployment of ultra-fast charging networks, wireless charging, and vehicle-to-grid technology are among the developments that could revolutionize the EV charging industry. The challenges facing the development and deployment of EV charging infrastructure must be addressed to ensure its long-term sustainability and growth.” ( Patil, P. (2019). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Developments. International Journal of Intelligent Automation and Computing, 2(1), 1–12. ). Due to these reasons the potential customers are not sure whether to shift to an electric vehicle or not. If these challenges are overcome by the energy companies, then certainly we will see people getting more reliable on Evs and their charging station. IV. Strategies for Energy Companies A. Investment and Collaboration  Energy companies have a proper knowledge to provide reliable power networks. Investing in power charging stations will lead to the depletion of their funds initially but the returns will be much higher than the investment. Also, by making investment and charging stations, they will achieve that emission reduction target, which is particularly important while we keep global warming in our mind. They can manage their existing power grids in such a way that they can operate charging stations efficiently. ( energy5.com )  According to a survey conducted by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA), technology outsourcing has contributed significantly to growth and innovation in the renewable energy industry Collaboration between government agencies, research institutes and the private sector has facilitated advances in the efficiency of solar cells, reducing costs and making renewable energy more competitive Effective technology transfer policies have accelerated the adoption of wind energy technologies, increasing global wind power consumption by 20% in just three years.( utilitiesone.com ). For over one hundred years, the federal government has played a giant role in helping the electricity zone. This involvement includes granting access to resources on public lands, supporting in the construction of transportation infrastructure like railroads and waterways for fuel shipping, constructing dams for strength technology, subsidizing the exploration and extraction of fossil fuels, imparting economic assist to affect rural areas, taking over dangers in nuclear strength tasks, and carrying out studies and development throughout various electricity sources. 3 of 5

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B. Technological Innovation and strategies.  We have fast charging stations available. There are three types of charging techniques first, “Level 1: equipment provides charging through a common residential 120-volt (120V) AC outlet. Level 1 chargers can take 40-50+ hours to charge an EV to 80 percent from empty and 5-6 hours for a Hybrid. Second, Level 2 equipment offers higher-rate AC charging through 240V (in residential applications) or 208V (in commercial applications) electrical service, and is common for home, workplace, and public charging. Level 2 chargers can charge an EV to 80 percent from empty in 4-10 hours and a Hybrid in 1-2 hours. Third, Direct current fast charging (DCFC) equipment offers rapid charging along heavy-traffic corridors at installed stations. DCFC equipment can charge an EV to 80 percent in just 20 minutes to 1 hour. Most Hybrid currently on the market do not work with fast chargers.”( transportation.gov ). Some countries are working on charging electric vehicles in a wireless way in which the vehicle runs on a specific type of road which have copper field in it which can transmit energy magnetically to the receivers fitted in bottom part of the electric vehicle even if it is moving, the vehicle just need to be over that copper field so that the receiver can get energy from the field.( Stellantis ). The cost to build this kind of road is remarkably high and it is not possible to make this thing work on large scale roads as of now but will certainly work in the near future. For now, we should focus on advancing our infrastructure and availability of Electric vehicle charging stations by opening new stations at least 70% as much as normal gas stations are available the Ev stations should be available the same way. Also, in some countries the mode for payment is different based on the company of charging station so people are getting annoyed by downloading new application every time they need to charge their Ev. The payment mode should be developed in such a way that there is no problem to the consumer like Cash, Card, PayPal, Zelle (which is compatible with most banks), It should be like an ordinary gas station payment method. This will give more convivence to the users. VII. Conclusion People are having range anxiety when it comes to shifting to electric vehicles from the conventional one because of lack of proper charging station network. As we discussed above in the paper that this problem can be overcome by different strategies, but it will take its own sweet time for people to shift to the Ev also the car enthusiast does not want to shift due to the lack of feel while driving. Many electric vehicles support direct fast charging while the hybrid does not support it as of now. Surely the growth rate of Ev in the market is increasing, it will increase more soon. It is a good opportunity for companies to invest in charging stations projects as it will give them fabulous returns in the near future. We can also try to make that wireless charging field in our country. 4 of 5

VIII. References  Gpt3.5 (for the structure of the paper)  Google Scholar  Google  https://www.iea.org/energy-system/transport/electric-vehicles  https://www.txdot.gov/discover/ev-charging-stations.html#:~:text=There%20are%20over %202%2C000%20charging,and%20DC%20fast%20charge%20stations .  https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/we-forecast-40-global-ev-adoption-rate-by-2030-up-10- 2022  Patil, P. (2019). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Developments. International Journal of Intelligent Automation and Computing.  https://research.tensorgate.org/index.php/IJIAC/article/view/25  https://energy5.com/the-shocking-role-of-utility-companies-in-the-ev-charging-station-stock- market  https://utilitiesone.com/technology-transfer-policies-encouraging-industry-collaboration  https://www.transportation.gov/rural/ev/toolkit/ev-basics/charging-speeds#:~:text=Direct %20current%20fast%20charging%20(DCFC)%20equipment%20offers%20rapid%20charging %20along,20%20minutes%20to%201%20hour .  https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/06/24/wireless-charging-roads-for-electric-cars-ev- technology-is-here-fiat-stellantis 5 of 5

Energy paper (1)

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