ENVS 4000 Assignment I - Hazard Assessment - updated

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Apr 3, 2024

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Page 1 of 6 ASSIGNMENT I HAZARD ASSESSMENT ENVS*4000 Toxicological Risk Characterization This assignment is worth 10% of your final grade and should be submitted to the Courselink dropbox by 11:59 pm on Sunday, January 28 th , 2024 (before midnight) . The total marks for this assignment are 61. You are advised to do any calculations etc., and even the entire answer, in rough before writing/typing it on the answer sheet. Marks will be deducted for poor grammar, syntax and spelling as well as for unclear or disorganized answers. Use only the space provided to respond. Name: __________________________________ Student Number: __________________________ HAZARD ASSESSMENT: PESTICIDES 1) You have been hired by Manitoba Sustainable Development to do Tier 1 Hazard Quotient (HQ) assessments for particular herbicides to primary producers, specifically algal and aquatic macrophyte species. You are provided with exposure data for several rivers in Manitoba [1], along with effects data for these chemicals [2, 3] (available in CourseLink). Use the effect measure from the most sensitive macrophyte (aquatic plant) and algae species for each herbicide. Do not use NOEC or LOEC data in your assessments. Based on the information provided to you, fill in the following tables: (40 marks) Macrophyte Assessments (each box is worth 0.25 marks) Chemical: Metolachlor Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Assinib. R. Pembina R. Seine R. Roseau R. Chemical: Atrazine Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Rat R. Red R. Seine R. Roseau R.
Page 2 of 6 Chemical: 2,4-D Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Assinib. R. Pembina R. Seine R. Roseau R. Chemical: Alachlor Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Assinib. R. Pembina R. Rat R. Red R. Algal Assessments Chemical: Metolachlor Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Seine R. Roseau R. Rat R. Red R. Chemical: Atrazine Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Seine R. Roseau R. Assinib. R. Pembina R.
Page 3 of 6 Chemical: 2,4-D Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Seine R. Roseau R. Rat R. Red R. Chemical: Alachlor Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Seine R. Roseau R. Assinib. R. Pembina R. 2) Based on the hazard quotients you have calculated above; do you anticipate any adverse effects for macrophytes or algae in these rivers from these herbicides? Be specific. (3 marks) 3) When giving your presentation to the public, you are challenged about the use of plant and algal species that are not native in your assessment. Give two brief counterpoints that might allay their fears. (2 marks)
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Page 4 of 6 4) Explain uncertainty factors that you may apply to your hazard quotients due to limitations in the data provided. (3 marks) HAZARD ASSESSMENT: PHARMACEUTICALS 1) You have been hired by Manitoba Sustainable Development to do site-specific Tier 1 Hazard Quotient (HQ) assessments for pharmaceuticals to freshwater organisms. You are provided with exposure data for wastewater releases from Manitoba wastewater lagoons that empty into the Marais Creek (MC) [4], along with effects data for these chemicals [5, 6, and 7] (available in CourseLink). Use the provided acute toxicity data only. Use the most sensitive primary producer for each pharmaceutical. If acute toxicity data for a primary producer is not available, use the most sensitive aquatic species. Do not use NOEC or LOEC data in your assessments. Based on the information provided to you, complete in the following tables: (7.5 marks) Aquatic Organism Assessments (each box is worth 0.25 marks) Chemical: Carbamazepine Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Lagoon MC Chemical: Sulfamethoxazole Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Lagoon MC
Page 5 of 6 Chemical: Gemfibrozil Exposure Characterization Effects Characterization Hazard Characterization Location Conc. (µg/L) Plant Species Effect Measure Toxicity (µg/L) HQ Lagoon MC 2) Based on the hazard quotients you have calculated above; do you anticipate any adverse effects for aquatic organism in exposed to pharmaceuticals in effluent in the Marais Creek? Be specific. (3 marks) 3) Explain uncertainty factors that you may apply to your hazard quotients due to limitations in the data provided. (3 marks)
Page 6 of 6 References you will need to complete this assignment [1] Rawn, D.F.K., Halldorson, T.H.J., Woychuk, R.N., Muir, D.C.G. 1999. Pesticides in the Red River and its tributaries in Southern Manitoba: 1993-95. Water Qual. Res. 34(2): 183-219. [2] Fairchild, J.F., Ruessler, D.S., Haverland, P.S., Carlson, A.S. 1997. Comparative sensitivity of Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to sixteen herbicides. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32: 353–357. [3] Fairchild, J.F., Ruessler, D.S., Carlson, A.R. 1998. Comparative sensitivity of five species of macrophytes and six species of algae to atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, and metolachlor. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17(9): 1830–1834. [4] Anderson, J.C., Carlson, J.C., Low, J.E., Challis, J.K., Wong, C.S., Knapp, C.W. and Hanson, M.L. 2013. Performance of a constructed wetland in Grand Marais, Manitoba, Canada: Removal of nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotic resistance genes from municipal wastewater. Chemistry Central Journal. 7 (1): 54. [5] Kim, Y., Choi, K., Jung, J., Park, S., Kim, P-G., Park, J. 2007. Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Environment International. 33:370–375. [6] Nunes B., Carvalho F., Guilhermino L. 2005. Acute toxicity of widely used pharmaceuticals in aquatic species: Gambusia holbrooki , Artemia parthenogenetica and Tetraselmis chuii . Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 61(3): 413-419. [7] Sanderson, H., Thomsen. M. 2009. Comparative analysis of pharmaceuticals versus industrial chemicals acute aquatic toxicity classification according to the United Nations classification system for chemicals. Assessment of the (Q)SAR predictability of pharmaceuticals acute aquatic toxicity and their predominant acute toxic mode-of-action. Toxicology Letters. 187(2): 84-93.
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