Chapter 1 Review

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter 1 Review/ homework Question 1 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the three main routes of entry by which agents can enter the body? Your Answer:   1) Inhalation 2) Ingestion 3) Absorption     Unanswered Question 2 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the three nontechnical guidelines to determine whether the work area has excessive noise? Your Answer: 1) If it is necessary to speak very loudly or shout directly into the ear of a person to be understood 2) If employees say that they have heard ringing noises in their ears at the end of the workday 3) IF employees complain that the sounds of speech or music seem muffled after leaving work, but that their hearing is fairly clear in the morning when they return to work.   Unanswered Question 3 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the primary health concerns with High or low pressure environments? Your Answer:   Barotrauma resulting from unequal distribution of pressure. Primarily decompression sickness, pressure in the ear, sinus and teeth, toxic effects from increase absorbtion of gases under pressure.   Unanswered Question 4 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the key elements to be considered when evaluating a health hazard? Your Answer:
  What is the route of entry of the chemical into the body? How much of the material must be in contact with a body cell and for how long to produce injury? What is the probability that the material will be absorbed or come in contact with body cells? What is the rate of generation of airborne contaminants?” What control measures are in place?   Unanswered Question 5 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the key components of an industrial hygiene program? Your Answer:   1) A written program/ policy statement 2) Hazard recognition procedure 3) Hazard evaluation 4) Exposure assessment 5) Hazard Control 6) Employee training 7) Employee involvement 8) Program evaluation and audit 9) Record Keeping   Unanswered Question 6 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the four environmental factors or stresses that can cause sickness, impaired health or significant discomfort in the workplace? Your Answer:   Chemical Physical Biological Ergonomic   Unanswered Question 7 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the factors that affect the degree of eye injury induced by Laser Light? Your Answer:   1) pupil size
2) ability of cornea and lens to focus the light on the retina 3) Distance from the source of energy to the retina 4) Energy and wavelength of the laser 5) Pigmentation of the eye of the subject 6) Location on the retina where the light is focused 7) Divergence of the laser light 8) Presence of scattering media in the light path   Unanswered Question 8 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the employee’s responsibilities under the OSHA act? Your Answer:   Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant to the Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.   Unanswered Question 9 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the 16 sections in a GHS compliant Safety Data Sheet? Your Answer:   Unanswered Question 10 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are some limitations or problems with TLVs? Your Answer:   1) A small percentage of workers may experience discomfort form some substance at concentrations at or below the threshold limit. 2) A smaller percentage may be affect more seriously by aggravation of a preexisting condition or by development of an occupational al illness 3) Limits are not fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations, nor are they a relative index of toxicity 4) Amount and quality of data for different substances is highly varied   Unanswered Question 11 Not yet graded / 0 pts Under the ABIH code of ethics Section II B.  What are rule with  regards to conflict of interest and appearance of impropriety? Your Answer:  
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1. Disclose to clients or employer significant circumstances that could be construed as a conflict of interest or an appearance of impropriety. 2.  Avoid conduct that could cause a conflict of interest with a client , employer, employee or the public and does not influence or interfere with professional judgements. 3. Assure that a conflict of interest does not compromise legitimate interests of a client, employer, employee or the public and does not influence of interfere with professional judgements. 4. Refrain from offering or accepting significant payments, gifts or other forms of compensation or benefits in order to secure work or that are intended to influence professional judgement.   Unanswered Question 12 Not yet graded / 0 pts The severity  of a hazard in the use of organic solvents and other chemical depends on the which factors? Your Answer:   How the chemicals is used type of job operation which determines how the workers are exposed work pattern \duration of exposure operating temperature \exposed liquid surface ventilation rates evaporation rate of solvent pattern of airflow concentration of vapor in the work room air housekeeping   Unanswered Question 13 Not yet graded / 0 pts Respiratory hazards can be broken down into two main groups? Your Answer:   1) Oxygen deficiency 2) Air that contains harmful or toxic contaminations   Unanswered Question 14 Not yet graded / 0 pts Provide a brief description of physical hazards in the workplace. Your Answer:
  Physical hazards include excessive levels of nonionizing radiation, ionizing radiation noise, vibration and extremes of temperature and pressure.   Unanswered Question 15 Not yet graded / 0 pts Provide a brief description of ergonomic hazards in the workplace. Your Answer:   Ergonomic hazards include improperly designed tools, work areas, or work procedures. Improver lifting or reaching , poor visual conditions or repeated motion in an awkward position can result in accident or illnesses in the occupational environment. Designing the tools and the work to fit the worker is of prime importance. Engineering and Biomechanical principles must be applied to eliminate hazards of this kind.   Unanswered Question 16 Not yet graded / 0 pts Provide a brief description of chemical hazards in the workplace. Your Answer:   Chemical hazards arise from excessive airborne concentrations of mists, vapors, gases or solids in the form of dust or fumes. In addition to the hazard of inhalation some of these materials may act as shin irritants or may be toxic by absorption through the skin.   Unanswered Question 17 Not yet graded / 0 pts List the five kinds of radioactivity that are of concern. Your Answer:   1) Alpha particles: the least penetrating; can be stopped by thin barriers such as paper, cellophane and skin. 2) beta radiation: more penetrating than alpha radiation. Can be stopped by 1/4 inch aluminum 3) X-rays: manmade gamma rays that require  lead or concrete to stop. 4) Gamma rays”: naturally occuring radiation; cover a broad range of wavelengths including x- ray wavelengths. 5) Neutrons: very penetrating and must be screened by materials with high hydrogen content.   Unanswered Question 18 Not yet graded / 0 pts
List the different types of nonionizing radiation from least energetic to most energetic. Your Answer:   1) Power line transmission 2) Broadcast radio and short wave radio 3) Microwaves 4) Infrared 5) Visible light 6) Ultra violet Special case: Lasers   Unanswered Question 19 Not yet graded / 0 pts List and provide a brief description of the classes of chemical agents that are the predominant cause of dermatitis in the workplace. Your Answer:   1) Detergents and solvents: remove the natural oils for the skin or react with oils of the skin to increase susceptibility to reaction form chemicals that ordinarily do not affect the skin Desiccators, hygroscopic agents and anhydrides take the water out of the skin and generate heat. 3) Protein precipitants tend to coagulate the outer layers of ht skin. 4) Oxidizers unite with hydrogen and liberate nascent oxygen on the skin 5) Solvents the extract essential skin constituents 6) Allergic or anaphylactic proteins that stimulate the production of antibodies that cause skin reaction in sensitive people.   Unanswered Question 20 Not yet graded / 0 pts List and describe the three types of control methods for workplace hazards in order of preference. Your Answer:   1) Engineering controls are used to engineer out the hazard, either by initial design specification; or by applying method of substitution, isolation, enclosure or ventilation. In 2) Administrative controls reduce employee exposure by scheduling reduced work time in contaminant area, or during cooler time of the day for heat stress exposure. This also includes training . 3) Personal protective equipment that employees wear to protect them form their environment.  
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Unanswered Question 21 Not yet graded / 0 pts List and briefly describe the different groups of biological agents Your Answer:   1) Microorganisms and their toxins (viruses, bacteria, fungi and their products) resulting in infection, exposure or allergy 2) Arthropods (crustaceans, arachnids, insects) associated with bites or strings resulting in skin inflammation , systemic intoxication and transmission of infectious agents, or allergic response. 3) Allergens and toxins form higher plants, producing dermatitis, rhinitis m, or asthma 4) Protein allergens(such as urine, feces, hair, saliva and dander) from vertebrate animals 5) Other groups with the potential to expose workers to biohazards include lower plants,other than fungi (lichen, liverworts, ferns) and invertebrate animals other than arthropods (parasites such as protozoa and, Schistosoma) and round worms.   Unanswered Question 22 Not yet graded / 0 pts Inhaled contaminants that adversely affect the lungs fall into what three general categories? Your Answer:   1) Aerosols (particulates), which, when deposited in the lungs, can produce either rapid local tissue damage, some slower tissue reactions, eventual disease or physiological plugging. 2) Toxic vapors and gases that produce adverse reactions in the tissue of the lungs 3) Some toxic aerosols or gases that do not affect the lung tissue locally, but pass from the lungs into the blood stream where they are carried to other body organs or have adverse effect on the oxygen -carrying capacity of the blood cells.   Unanswered Question 23 Not yet graded / 0 pts Give a brief description of biological hazards in the workplace. Your Answer:   Biological hazards are any living organism or it properties that can cause an adverse response in humans. They can be part of the total environment or associated with a particular occupation. Work-related illnesses caused by biological agents have been widely reported, but in many workplaces their presence and resultant illness are not well recognized. It is estimated that the population at risk for occupational biohazards may be server hundred million workers worldwide.   Unanswered Question 24 Not yet graded / 0 pts
ENP materials typically include what four specific characteristics? Your Answer:   1) They are every small, generally lest than 100 nanometers in at least 2 dimensions 2) There are either free independent particle with not strong bonds to a larger substrate or if they attache to a substrate they are readily displaced 3) The are novel 4. they are made intentionally as a product.   Unanswered Question 25 Not yet graded / 0 pts Define Occupational Health Hazards. Your Answer:   Occupational health hazards may mean condition that cause legally compensable illnesses, or may mean any conditions in the workplace that impair the health of employees enough o make them lose time from work or cause significant discomfort. both are undesirable. Both are preventable. The correction of such hazards is properly a responsibility of management.   Unanswered Question 26 Not yet graded / 0 pts According the ABIH code of ethics what is first and foremost? Your Answer:   ABIH certificates and candidates give priority to health and safety interests related to the protection of people and act in a manner that promotes integrity and reflects positively on the profession , consistent with accepted moral, ethical and legal standards.   Unanswered Question 27 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are the typical functions of the safety and health committee? Your Answer:   The typical functions of the safety and health committee include, among others: to examine company safety and health issues and recommend polices to management, conduct periodic workplace inspections and evaluate and promote interest in the health and safety program.   Unanswered Question 28 Not yet graded / 0 pts
What does a skin notation indicate? Your Answer:   The potential for significant exposure through the cutaneous route, including mucus membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or of probably greater significance , by direct contact with the substance   Unanswered Question 29 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the chief goal of an occupation health and safety program? Your Answer:   To prevent occupational injury and illness by anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling occupational health and safety standards.   Unanswered Question 30 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the definition of Industrial Hygiene? Your Answer:   Industrial hygiene is the science and art devoted to the anticipation recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factor or stresses arising in of from the workplace that may cause sickness, impaired health and well -being, or significant discomfort among workers or among the citizens of the community.   Unanswered Question 31 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the first vital component to an effective health and safety program? Your Answer:   Commitment of senior management and line management.   Unanswered Question 32 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the primary goal of the occupational medicine physician? Your Answer:   The primary goal  of the occupational medicine physician  is to prevent occupational illness and
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when illness occurs, to restore employee health within the contest of a healthy and safe workplace.   Unanswered Question 33 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the range of body temperatures that the human body can operate efficiently? Your Answer:   2 o F below or 3  o F above the normal core body temperature which is 99.6 to 98.6  o F   Unanswered Question 34 Not yet graded / 0 pts What questions should be asked as part of a basic systematic procedure for recognizing and evaluating environmental health hazards? Your Answer:   What is produced? What ram material is used? What materials are added in the process? What equipment is involved? What is the cycle of operations? What operational procedures are used? Is the a written procedure for the safe handling and storage of materials? What about dust control, cleanup after spills, and waste disposal? Are the ventilating and exhaust systems adequate? Does the facility layout minimize exposure? Id the facility well-equipped with safety appliances such as showers, masks, respirators and emergency eyewash fountains? Are safe operating procedures outlined and enforced? Is a complete hazard communication program that meet state or Federal OSHA requirements in effect?   Unanswered Question 35 Not yet graded / 0 pts What was the purpose of the OSHA act? Your Answer:   To assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.  
Unanswered Question 36 Not yet graded / 0 pts What  are the two duties for employers under the OSHA act? Your Answer:   1) Each employer shall furnish to each employee a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious harm to their employees. 2) Each employer shall comply with the occupational safety and health standard under the Act.   Unanswered Question 37 Not yet graded / 0 pts When conducting an industrial hygiene evaluation of a process, what steps should be performed for each process? Your Answer:   1) For each contaminant, find the OSHA PEL or other safe exposure guideline based on the toxicological effect of the material. Determine the actual level of exposure to harmful physical agents. Determine the number of employees exposed and length of exposure. Identify the chemicals and contaminants in the process. Determine the level of airborne contaminants using air sampling techniques Calculate the resulting daily average and peak exposures for the air sampling results and employee exposure times Compare the calculated exposure with OSHA standards, the TLV listing published by ACGIH, the NIOSH RELs, the hygienic guides or other toxicological recommendations.