DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Lab Worksheet Mod 6 Biol 100L

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May 4, 2024

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Biol 100L - Module 06 Lab: DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis You are going to walk through the steps of DNA Replication then Transcription and Translation to Protein. If you need a refresher on DNA Replication watch Professor Daves video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=9kp9wiYMQUU Answer these questions: 1. What two molecules form the backbone of DNA? Sugar and phosphate groups 2. What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine 3. What are the only two possible pairings of DNA bases? Adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine 4. Why does DNA replication happen (what is it’s purpose)? DNA replication happens so every cell will have a complete set of DNA after a cell divides 5. What is the function (what do they do) these enzymes do in DNA Replication? Helicase – helps in the unwinding of DNA Primase – helps in the formation of the primer which initiates DNA replication DNA Polymerase III – extends the primers, helps make the bulk of the new DNA, Ligase - helps to ligate the two nucleotides in a DNA strand
6. Which strand builds the same direction as the replication fork? Leading strand . For 7 & 8: Write the complementary DNA strand for the given DNA template. This is replication. Reminder: There are base pairing rules for writing the complimentary DNA strand for a given template DNA strand: A pairs with T; C pairs with G. 7. ATGTGGCTGATTCTGT TACACCGACTAAGACA - 8. CCAGCGATCAGTTATG GGTCGCTAGTCAATAC If you need a refresher on Transcription to Translation to Proteins watch Professor Daves video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKIpDtJdK8Q Write the mRNA strand for the given DNA strand template. This is transcription. Reminder: There is no Thymine in RNA, instead there is Uracil
1. ATGTCGCTGATACTGT UACAGCGACUAUGACA 2. GAAGCGATCAGTTACG CUUCGCUAGUCAAUGC Now try the reverse: The following are pieces of mRNA. Give the DNA strand from which it was transcribed. 3. GAGAUCUGGUUGGAAUCG CTCTAGACCAACCTTAGC Write the tRNA sequence for the given strand of mRNA 4. AGGUCAUGCAUGGGCAUGCAU Let’s break it down further. For each mRNA codon below, give the tRNA anticodon. 5. UUC AAG 6. AUC UAG 7. CCG GGC 8. CGU _GCA__
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Now you will translate the amino acid sequence for the given mRNA strand into a protein. Remember that codons are 3 base pairs long. Use the genetic code above (and the mRNA sequence) and list the AMINO ACID sequence. 9. AUG CAC UGU CCU UUC GCU GAC Methionine-Histidine-Serine-Proline-Phenylalanine-Alanine-Aspa rtic acid 10. GAG AUC UGG UUG GAA UCG -Glutamine-Isoleucine-Tryptophan-Leucine-Glutamine-Serine Let’s try putting it all together. Transcribe the following DNA template strand to an mRNA strand. Then translate the mRNA strand you wrote to an amino acid sequence. 11. TGAGTCGACTGGCTGACCGTAGAC
Threonine-Glutamine-Leucine-Threonine- Aspartic acid- Tryptophan Histidine-Leucine 12 Complete the table below showing the sequences of DNA, mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons and the amino acids. Remember the genetic code for amino acids is based on mRNA codons. DNA 1.ACC 2.UCC GAT 3.AUA mRNA codon 4.UGG 5.AAG 6.CUA UAU tRNA anticodon 7.ACC UUC 8.GAT 9.AUA Amino Acid Tryptophan 10.Lysine 11.Leucine 12.Tyrosine
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