When forming relationships with others
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Arts Humanities
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Apr 3, 2024
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When forming relationships with others, what are the differences in the approaches of people from individualistic and collectivistic societies? (Refer to chapter 2) The text needs to be referenced and the references need to be discussed critically as to how they apply and not simply reported; observations need to be in your own words reflecting an understanding of the information.
The text draws from the works of various scholars, including Roy F. Baumeister, Mark Leary, Donelson Forsyth, and Daphna Oyserman. The historical context of collectivism is highlighted, emphasizing the survival advantages of communal living, as proposed by Baumeister and Leary (1995). Oyserman's work further contributes to understanding the characteristics of individualism and collectivism. In individualistic societies, relationships are often characterized by an emphasis on independence and personal goals (Triandis, 1995). This is in line with the core emphases of individualism, where the self is perceived as an autonomous entity, and individuals seek to distinguish themselves from others (Oyserman et al., 2002). The pursuit of personal happiness and the consideration of one's own desires play a central role, aligning with the individualistic propensity for short-term thinking (Kim, Sharkey, & Singelis, 1994). Conversely, collectivistic societies approach relationships with a focus on dependence, conformity, and the welfare of the group (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). The individual's identity is closely tied to the group, and relationships are often seen as fulfilling duties to the collective (Oyserman et al., 2002). Success and satisfaction are derived from the collective achievement of group goals, reflecting a more long-term perspective (Triandis, 1995). In my interpretation, these
cultural differences manifest in how individuals prioritize and navigate social connections. Individuals from individualistic societies may seek relationships that align with personal aspirations and allow for self-expression. The focus on personal autonomy might contribute to relationships being formed based on shared individual interests and goals. In collectivistic cultures, relationships are likely to be guided by a sense of duty and a commitment to group harmony. Shared values and conformity to group norms play a crucial role in forming and maintaining connections. The emphasis on long-term thinking may lead to the establishment of relationships that contribute to the well-being of the collective over time. It's crucial to approach these observations with cultural sensitivity, recognizing that individuals within any culture exhibit a range of behaviors. Cultural influences provide a framework for understanding tendencies, but individual differences should be acknowledged and respected. Additionally, these
cultural orientations offer insights into preferences and tendencies rather than strict rules governing every individual's behavior within a given society.
How do cultural differences in individualism and collectivism influence the approaches people from different societies take when forming relationships?
References:
Sakade, F. (1958). Momotaro (Peach Boy). Retrieved from [Link to the source, if available]
Sangharakshita. (1991). The Buddha and His Dhamma. Windhorse Publications.
Schumann, H. (1974). The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism. Motilal Banarsidass.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford University Press.
Stevenson, L., & Haberman, D. L. (1998). Ten Theories of Human Nature. Oxford University Press.
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