Volcanology

Volcanoes can be one of the most destructive forces on Earth. It is estimated that some 500 million people live near active volcanoes (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 2013). Of the Earth's known volcanoes, 70 can be expected to erupt each year with at least one large eruption each decade (Lutgens & Tarbuck, 2013). As populations continue to increase and more people are attracted to the beauty surrounding these areas, the immediate threat to humans from these sometimes sleeping giants grows. Due to

According to the Geological Association of Canada, volcanology is the study of volcanoes and in particular the way in which volcanoes erupt. Volcanologists investigate the processes that go on inside the Earth that lead to volcanic eruptions. Their work involves the study of the movement of magma and the surfaces of volcanoes, particularly their gas content. Volcanologists also study the interior of volcanoes because it reflects the importance on how the Earth work. In Canada, only a few people are

This area of Geology studies the Earthquakes and its energy. Volcanology – This is another discipline of Geology that studies the Volcanoes and their energy, energy that comes from the heat from inside the Earth and causes eruptions. This studies the volcanoes and its impacts. Structural Geology – When large bodies of

On the island of Luzon which is located in the Philippines, tens of thousands lived on the slopes of Mount Pinatubo, a Composite volcano that was dormant for almost 500 years. That was until 1991 when it had one of the most destructive eruptions imaginable. The felsic volcano lies on the boundary of the eurasian plate and philippines plate, which is a subduction zone. The eruption was so powerful that a caldera was created, as well as being seen as the most destructive eruption of the 20th century

wing of a professor and afforded an opportunity to do research. Choosing to do a masters program can provide practical application of a specialized branch. There are several different branches of geology. These include, but are not limited to, volcanology, mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. Specializing in one can make a geologist more appealing to employers when finding a job. After obtaining some basic knowledge of the field, I spoke with Tari

Mount Tambora is a large stratovolcano located on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. It lies approximately 210 miles north of the Java Trench and is flanked to the north and south by oceanic crust. Its current summit elevation is around 9,350 feet (Smithsonian Institute). To the south-east of the volcano lies the Sanggar peninsula, which is a part of Tambora. There are two cities, Dompu and Clima, and three concentrations of villages near the mountain slope: Sanggar, Doro Peti and Pesanggrahan,

Minerals Eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s Crust: Abundance % by weight – Most common Ionic Form Most Common Coordination Numbers Relative Ionic Size Oxygen (O) 46.6 % O-2 - - - 1.40 Silicon (Si) 27.7 % Si+4 Si (4) 0.26 Aluminum (Al) 8.1 % Al+3 Al (4, or 6) 0.39 Iron (Fe) 5.0 % Fe+2 Fe (6) 0.63 Calcium (Ca) 3.6 % Ca+2 Ca (8) 1.00 Sodium (Na) 2.8 % Na+1 Na (8) 0.99 Potassium (K) 2.6 % K+1 K (8, 12) 1.37 Magnesium (Mg) 2.1 % Mg+2 - - - 0.72 Distinction between crystalline and non-crystalline

analyse the factors that cause differences in the hazards posed by volcanoes around the world (40 marks) A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat tolife, health, property or environment. The level of hazard posed by different volcanoes can very greatly, from a weak eruption with minimal impact that causes little damage, to a voilent and life threatening explosion. Most of the sixty-plus volcanoes that erupt each year are low risk, however a combination of factors can cause a volcano

Kevin Wright GEOL 204 Dr. Miller June 8th, 2015 Caliente Creek Geological History 1. At the beginning of the Tertiary, there is a layer of andesite breccia -a fast cooling extrusive rock that has not traveled far from its original deposition. This indicates a volcanic depositional environment. This formation was then intruded by intrusive slower cooling rocks that create a noncomformity between it and the Walker formation. The tuff breccia in the Walker formation is consistent with the same depositional

Part A: Science Understanding 1. Research: Find out about the geological history of the area. (a) What are the main geological features of this area? (Record reliable sources on page 14 in appropriate format.) The Undara lava tubes were formed due to the flow of lava that left behind cooled rock. Remnant dry forests surround the lava tubes. The most prominent feature of Undara is the Undara lava tubes. These lava tubes are some of the longest seen in the world, with some tubes reaching 100km long