Philip IV of France

How successful was Elizabethan Foreign Policy between 1558 and 1588 From the amicable friendship with Spain and traditional rivalry with France and Scotland at the beginning of her reign, Elizabeth had transformed the state of foreign affairs so that, by 1588, England was friendly with Scotland, allied with France and warring with Spain. Facing these three threats at different points in time and having to keep an eye on the Spanish Netherlands – a gateway to England for any invading nations – along

which was fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany), involved nearly all of the major powers of Europe, and was a war that used religion as a cover-up for politics. The war caused the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, and the rise of France as the new power in Europe. During the war new technologies also were used. The Thirty Year's War was ended by the peace of Westphalia in 1648. Before the war, the Holy Roman Empire already began to have its struggles. In 1555, the Peace of

there were 3.5 million deaths. The Hundred Years’ War was between France and England from 1337 to 1453 over the succession to the French throne. When Charles IV of France died without sons in 1328, his closest male relative was King Edward III of England. Isabella of France claimed the French throne for her son, but the French rejected it. Philip of Valois, first cousin of Charles IV, succeeded the throne as King Philip VI of France. For about nine years the English had accepted the Valois succession

Church developed, a rift that politics had created. While Pope Innocent III created the rift in the church by putting a mission of political dominance before the spiritual mission of the church, the rift began to grow during the reign of Urban IV(Kagan). Urban IV created the Rota Romana to deal with the Catholic Church’s legal procedure and under his reign, clerical taxation became a staple within the church. With an increasing amount of economic revenue, a central bureaucracy and legal authority, the

The French Revolution I: Introductory Funnel Paragraph: According to Thomas Sankara, “The French Revolution taught us the rights of men.” The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790’s. It took place in the Kingdom of France. It led to the end of monarchy and many wars. It was a period of time that people overthrew the monarchy and took control over the government. The major turning points of the Revolution was July 14, 1789. The storming of Bastille was August 27, 1789. The

Cortes Generales had been more receptive to the royal wish Spain became culturally and politically a follower of absolutist France. Lynch says Philip V advanced the government only marginally over that of his predecessors and was more of a liability than the incapacitated Charles II; when a conflict came up between the interests of Spain and France, he usually favored France Philip made reforms in government, and strengthened the central authorities relative to the provinces. Merit became more important

of wars fought in the Holy Roman empire, involving most of the countries within, the war lasted 30 years. This war massively affected europe and created a cultural divide between catholics and protestants. Philip III of Spain attempted to continue the foreign policy views of his father, Philip II, which basically meant that Spain had to be kept ready for war. Thus in 1618, when Ferdinand II, heir apparent to the throne of Bohemia, began to slash certain religious privileges enjoyed by his subjects

Throughout the time period from 800 to 1500 there were several dynamic shifts in power between the Church and the nobility of western Europe. These changes would decide if Europe would be controlled by kings and lords, or ruled by the pope. During periods of prosperity in Europe power rested in the hands of the nobility, while during fragile periods of Western Europe, the church exercised more authority, as a result rule by king was better for Europe. One example of how a European king exercised

to civil strife, and many of the royal family of Plantagenet were killed in their attempts to seize the throne. Back in 1337, Edward III declared war on France, after Philip VI’s refusal to return territories to England. This struggle would devastate both nations for 116 years until 1453, ultimately leaving England with even less territory in France than they had started with. In 1422, near the end of the war, the effective king Henry V died of dysentery, leaving behind an infant son Henry VI. Young

is John I of Aragon and his mother is Joanna Henriquez. He has an older stepbrother, Charles IV of Viana. When Queen Blanche died in 1441, John I of Aragon dispossessed his son, Charles IV. Around the same year of Fernand’s birth, Charles attacked his father with french mercenaries at the Battle of Oibar. Charles and the French mercenaries were defeated and captured and then released. Charles fled to France and then to his relative, Alfonso V of Naples to ask for help to get his birthright. Charles