Microbial toxins

names the toxin ‘sausage poison’ however failed to define what is was. It was not until 1895, when Emile van Ermengem, a Belgian Professor of Bacteriology isolated the bacterium C. botulinum and names the toxin “Bacillus Botulinus”, with “botulus” meaning sausage. He also postulated that botulism toxin was a poison rather than an infection, and that it could be inactivated by heat. In the 1900s, as the food canning industry boomed techniques to prevent botulism by inactivating the toxin by heat were

Common Botox Myths...BUSTED Botox is a very controversial cosmetic treatment for a variety of reasons, including its surprising origin as well as some of the shocking celebrity transformations it may have caused. However, the following myths give Botox a much worse name than it deserves. Botox is Not Extremely Painful The idea that Botox injections are extremely painful has been spread around the Internet for ages, probably due to the fact that it is referred to as a “neurotoxin.” There's no way

Botulism is poisoning by a toxin. It is caused by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This germ is commonly found in soil and can grow in improperly canned goods and preserves. Botulism is a rare, but serious illness that can make you unable to move your body (paralysis) and can affect your ability to breathe. CAUSES Botulism poisoning can be caused by: • Eating improperly canned food or preserves. • Getting this germ into an open wound or sore. This toxin works by blocking the way the nerves

Botulinum Toxin What is Botulinum Toxin? Botulinum toxin is the world’s strongest natural toxin that is created by the growth of clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacteria; Botulinum toxin only grows under limited oxygen levels and at temperatures less than 80degreeC. Although botulinum toxin can be ten times more deadly than cyanide and causes botulism, it has many practical medical uses. Botulinum toxin is a protein and has seven structural types. However, only botulinum toxin A and botulinum

procedures, Botulinum Toxin A, better known as Botox. This treatment has men and women, young and old riding the wave of detrimental injections. However, is it really salutary for us to be injecting our foreheads with Botox in such a frenzy? Society must put down the needles and say ‘no-tox’ to this paralyzing, lethal, and destructive weapon. At a first glance, the fresh-faced promises of Botox may seem like a simple choice to many. Despite the fact that this toxin eradicates wrinkles and

Vertebrates use toxins in venom and poison for self-defence or to immobilize and capture prey, as well as intraspecific and interspecific competition (Grow, et al., 2015). These toxins can be secreted using different methods such as glands or fangs, amongst others. There are many different vertebrates that use toxins, and these include; mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, marsupials and even rodents and primates. Venom and Poison (Williamson, et al., 1996) defines poison as a toxin that is absorbed

Based on definition venomics is the study of the proteome of the venoms. Venomics is a research program started by International society of Toxicology. The aim of this program is to analyze and examine the genomic background of venomic animals using new technologies based on genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics. Venomics throughout their studies showed us that venomous animals can be dangerous and deadly but sometimes can be a treasure of substances and molecules that can be beneficial for drug

Venomous snakes are known as rich sources of toxins among venomous animal species. Snakes venoms are complex chemical mixtures of pharmacologically active compounds such as enzymes, peptides and proteins with specific chemical and biological activities (Ménez et al., 2006, Jiminez-Porras, 1968), in addition to non-protein components such as carbohydrates, lipids and metal ions. Snakes venoms are mostly reputed for their neurotoxic substances, which induce paralysis and death, and hemotoxic substances

Abstract This research paper explores one of the most venomous creatures in the world, the box jellyfish. This includes what they are, how the venom works, its life cycle, its common diet and its habits, and also to find out why the combination of its venom, physiology, and feeding habits made them dangerous to humans. Introduction Jellyfish are marine animals that has a gelatinous bell and tentacles, which can be used to capture prey. It belongs to the phylum cnidaria, which generally has polyp

The Monsterous Velvet Ant                 Ahh! Velvet ant! Now this is how I became so afraid of velvet ants.To begin with, one day I was in the sonoran desert and I came across and ornges-reddish pretty big crawling insect so i decided i wanted to look at it even more and I realized its one of the biggest insects i've seen.This velvet ant also has a really tough exoskeleton so if you try to smush it the insect will roll over and sting you with the enormous stinger.These insects can grow to  be