Lateral geniculate nucleus

M. 2016). While most synapses go to the V1 after going to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), some, instead of synapsing at the LGN, end at other brain regions, such as the hypothalamus, the pretectum, and the superior colliculus (Watson, N. V., & Breedlove, S. M. 2016). These secondary signals are a part of the visual system

bipolar neurons whose axons give rise to the cochlear branch of the eighth cranial nerve. The central auditory system involves several brain stem nuclei, including the cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complexes, and inferior colliculi. The medial geniculate nucleus relays auditory information to the primary auditory cortex on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. The primary auditory cortex contains three separate tonotopic representations of auditory information and is surrounded by two levels of auditory

In the early postnatal life, there are restricted time windows within which the essential role of experience is mainly evident. These time windows are called critical periods.54In critical periods brain circuits display a high sensitivity to acquire informative and adaptive signals from the exterior environment. Visual deprivation or ocular abnormalities in early life causes disruption of proper environmental signals that can result in long-tremor even permanent brain diseases,55one of them is Amblyopia

Cranial Nerves The human body is a unique and fascinating entity. There is not much notice taken of the features the human body is capable of. The brain is necessary to perform day-to-day actions, such as the ability to speak, and see amongst us. This brain is made up of simple mater (Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater) and the cranial surface to protect the brain. We live our daily lives without acknowledging the importance of this organ, the brain, unless you’re a medical student of

the brain that plays a number of roles) gets produced, then, the image captured by the eye is transmitted to the “Optic Nerve” (located in the back of the eye) and is transmitted via electrical impulses. This nerve also terminates the cells of the lateral

Structures of the Brain The Brain Stem The brain stem or the medulla is the closest to the spinal cord. The brainstem is responsible for most of the human bodily functions. The brain stem is critical for human survival and normal human functions. The brain stem is also responsible for information of pain and touch from the head and neck; it is also responsible for the inputs from the face and the mouth. Reticular formation is a group of neurons, nuclei, that are important for sleep and wakefulness

separated in two partially independent pathways; the dorsal pathway subserves mostly motion perception, while the ventral one subserves object feature recognition. The primary visual cortex (V1) receives most of its retinal input through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Anatomical and functional segregation of visual perception starts at the level of the retina, where parvocellular (P) ganglion cells have small receptive fields and have sustained colour-sensitive synaptic response to light, whereas

The system consists of the eyes where the information is collected, geniculate lateral nucleus and visual cortex. The visual cortex could be subdivided into the primary visual cortex and the striate cortex. This sensory system is located at the back of a brain parts of which are located in both hemispheres. Recent studies obtained

CHAPTER 4 CELL ENCAPSULATION, STEM CELL THERAPY AND SCLERAL PLUG THERAPY 4.1 CELL ENCAPSULATION Encapsulated cell technology (ECT) is the therapeutic strategy for controlled,continuous,and long term administration of proteins drugs in the eye.In a phase 1 trial,human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was delivered by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells transfected with the human CNTF gene and sequestered within capsules that were surgically implanted into the vitreous of the

passed through the eye and needs to be sent to the brain for processing this is where the optic nerve steps in to transmit everything from brightness perception to color perception and contrast (Genç, et al.). These signals are sent to the lateral geniculate nucleus which converts the impulses into images we can see. After this, an upper motor neuron may execute a motor command, for instance close the eye to protect it.