HIV test

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 antibody tests are specifically designed for routine diagnostic testing of adults; these tests are inexpensive and extremely accurate. Antibody tests may give false negative (no antibodies were detected despite the presence of HIV-1) results during the window period, an interval of three weeks to six months between the time of HIV-1 infection and the production of measurable antibodies to HIV-1 seroconversions (Hare et al., 2004). Most people develop detectable

1. If HIV-seropositivity is detected, what additional confirmatory tests should be done? List 3 tests and describe their principle. Western blotting - In Western blotting first, the macromolecules have to be separated via gel electrophoresis. The molecules now separated by electrophoresis are blotted onto either a nitrocellulose or a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (a second matrix). To inhibit the binding of nonspecific antibodies to the membrane surface it is subsequently blocked. Then

attitudes towards HIV/AIDS: Effects of a health education intervention on two nursing groups in Cairo University, Egypt Eman Taher and Rehab Abdelhai* Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Accepted 3 April, 2011 Information education and communication (IEC) programs are the most effective available approaches for combating the HIV pandemic especially among nurses. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS before and

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a leading cause of mortality among women. This population is now accounting for the most rapid increase in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in recent years. As the numbers of cases of HIV infection have increased among women, particularly of childbearing age, increasing numbers of children have become infected as well. "Various studies conducted to date indicate that between 1/4 and 1/3 of infants born worldwide to women infected with HIV have become

Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Just the mere thought of finding out or the possibility of being HIV positive can make a person stress and begin to question themselves. “How do I tell my family?” “How can I build a family now?” “What will my new partner will think of me?” That is only the tip of the iceberg of the physical, mental and emotional torments of the person’s life. Where did HIV come from? Scientists believe that a type of chimpanzee in West Africa was the source of HIV infection in humans

positive; the simplest statement suddenly carries a huge weight when the words HIV or AIDS are followed right after. In the 1980’s HIV meant AIDS and AIDS meant a rapid and awful death. Death always seemed to be the end result in a world where we did not understand the disease that seemed to come from nowhere but was killing at an expedited rate. Thirty plus years later there is still no cure but there is now hope. Having HIV or AIDS is no longer an immediate death sentence. People infected with the

Washington, D.C. has one of the highest HIV rates in the United States of 66.1 per 100,000 people and with a lifetime risk of HIV diagnosis of 1 in 13 (CDC). These statistics demonstrate that despite the current HIV prevention and treatment efforts, there is a need for additional innovative HIV interventions. The OraQuick HIV In-Home Test Kit is an HIV intervention that intended to encourage individuals to privately know their HIV status (1). The limitations to this strategy included lack of in-person

HIV is a member of the Retroviridae (retrovirus) family, its genus: Lentivirus. HIV is an icosahedral, enveloped virus, its size ranging from approximately 100 to 110 nm in diameter. HIV contains a single stranded, linear, positive sense RNA genome. There are two recognized strains: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Retroviral RNA is converted to DNA by a virally encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme, the DNA transcript is integrated into the host’s chromosomal DNA upon entry of the host cell. Human immunodeficiency

Introduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive, without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system

from a subgroup of retrovirus called Lentivirus which causes HIV infection leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) later on among humans. AIDS is a human condition which progresses to the failure of the immune system, causing life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Treatments can be given, but without those, survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Vital cells in the human immune system such as helper