Ester

Abstract: The main reason for this experiment is to prepare a simple soap made from vegetable oil. The physical properties will be tested in order to demonstrate the reactions that occur. The experiment can conclude that the vegetable oil had a primary fatty acid called linoleic acid, which was evident during the saponification reaction. The simple soap did appear to be a good emulsifier because the soap did dissolve in the mixture of mineral oil and water. In hard water the calcium and magnesium

Introduction: In this experiment, aspirin will be synthesized from salicylic acid using acetic anhydride. The sodium salt was initially prescribed for its antipyretic and analgesic effects, but the salt was too irritating to the stomach, so a phenyl ester version was developed as a replacement. The esterified version passed successfully through the acidic stomach without irritation. It was hydrolyzed in the basic environment of the intestines, producing poisonous phenol. To avoid this problem, acetylsalicylic

stabilizers against protein aggregation. The polysorbates are amphipathic, nonionic surfactants made out of fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan being polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate for polysorbate 20 and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate for polysorbate 80. The polysorbates used in the formulation of biopharmaceuticals are mixtures of different fatty acid esters with the

possibly in Hydrogen bonding at about 3400 cm^-1. It also showed another peak at about 2900 cm^-1 which could indicate some carbon hydrogen bonding occurring. The Biodiesel however looked completely different with a peak at about 1750 cm^-1 indicating ester presence and also peaks at around 2900 and 2850 possibly showing carbon hydrogen bonding. Results proved esterification of our compound and separation from the fatty acid. Introduction

CERTIFICATION This project report is certified by the supervisor and approved by the head of department of chemical engineering. Supervisor: HOD: Date: Date: DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to God Almighty, the Source of all wisdom, to him glory and honour be forever Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to all my lecturers, especially the Head of Department (HOD) Chemical

ACYL COMPOUNDS: SOAPS AND DETERGENTS Experiment # 8 I. Objectives  To observe the general properties of carboxylic acids.  To compare the acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols.  To verify experimentally the interconversion among acyl compounds.  To become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils and to understand the chemical basis of these properties.  To learn how to prepare soap.  To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents. II. Data and

INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, used cooking oils, and animal fats by the production process called “trans-esterification” to convert those mixtures to the chemicals which have long chain mono alkyl esters or fatty acid methyl esters which can be used as “fuel” for vehicles. Approximately, 100 pounds of vegetable oil react with 10 pounds of alcohol (commonly methanol) in the presence of a catalyst, sodium hydroxide; later, 100 pounds of biodiesel and 10 pounds of

Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to study the esterification reaction principle and master the preparation method of the isoamyl acetate. It was use isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid as raw materials, to the synthesis of isoamyl acetate. The necessary methods are reflux process and distillation process. Experiment Scheme Chemical Structure 1: Isopentyl alcohol Chemical Structure 2: Acetic acid Chemical Structure 3:

Making Soap: Lab 1. A saponification reaction is considered to be the reverse of an esterification reaction because in an esterification, a carboxylic acid is combined with an alcohol to produce an ester and water; and in a saponification, an ester is combined with lye (Na+ + OH-) to produce the salt of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Essentially, the products and reactants are opposites of each other in either reaction. 2. The functional groups in glycerol are hydroxyl groups (OH). It belongs

Use of medicinal plant is increased now days as bacteria have developed resistance to modern medicines. L. inermis is used in various cosmetic things such as dye from the earlier times but this plant also has good medicinal value due to the presence of various phytochemicals. These phytochemical constituents are responsible for various biological activities 22. The present study was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents also their biological role and antibacterial activity in L. inermis