Channel access method

protocols in medium access control(MAC). The problem presented to us is how to access a communication medium in such a way that transmissions from different users will not interfere with each other or at least keep the interference, if any, to a minimum degree so that users can reliably communicate with their intended destinations. The full name of the mentioned multiple scheme are as follows: FDMA – Frequency division multiple access WDMA – Wavelength division multiple access CDMA – Code division

India, reddybb@hotmail.com K.Kishan Rao, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India, prof_kkr@rediffmail.com Abstract: LEACH TDMA schedules of each cluster are built independently. This can lead to collisions among clusters if the same channel is allotted to more than one overlapping clusters at the same time. To reduce this type of interference, in LEACH each cluster communicates using different CDMA codes. Thus, when a node is elected as CH, it chooses randomly from a list of spreading

same subcarriers are allocated to UE in both uplink and downlink. Hence, contrary to traditional LTE, we propose using single-carrier frequency division multiple accesses (SC-FDMA) for downlink along with the conventional method of using it for uplink. Taking advantage of channel reciprocity in the case of FD communication and multiple antennas at eNB, use of singular value decomposition (SVD) in the downlink allows multiple user (MU) to operate

achieve this, multiple access protocols coordinate the transmission. There are three classes of multiple access protocols, random access, taking-turns and channel partitioning. With random access protocol, each node tries to randomly to access the complete broadcast link, without any regard to the other nodes. Taking-turns protocol utilizes some type of turning mechanism, which designates which node is allowed to transmit. Channel partitioning protocol divides the channel (time slots, frequency

1 ) Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocol A medium access control layer is the most suitable level to address the energy efficiency. This layer is used to coordinate node access to the shared wireless medium. The MAC is the core of communication protocol stack which provides the basic for achieving Quality of Service (QoS) in any wireless networks. A versatile MAC should support diverse applications and different types of data such as continuous, periodic, burst and non-periodic data along with

ability to easily access cells and nucleic acids for downstream analysis (e.g. clonal expansion, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), gene expression, and sequencing) to determine the type of primary tumor and monitor disease progression [130, 131]. Microfluidic cell capture approaches are typically formed by permanently bonding the channel network to the capture surface, and access to the captured cells and nucleic acids is only possible by flowing fluid through the channel. With the magnetic

demand for wireless access is permanently growing and the transmission bandwidth is limited. Higher data rates and signal quality is always desired among the users; therefore a more efficient use of the frequency resource is needed to fill the user capacity needs. Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is used to increase the capacity given by regular multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA) using the user position information to provide access to the best communication channel based on their

Cellular system Architecture 4. Multiple Access schemes for cellular system 5. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 6. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 7. Single Carrier- Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) 8. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 9. TDMA Frame 10. TDMA Evolution 11. Global System for Mobile (GSM) 12. GSM Network Architecture 13. Interim Standard-136 14. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 15.

We will be talking about processing of data. So, depending on how the data are processed and the inference is made, most signal processing methods fall into one of the two categories: Batch processing and Adaptive processing. The example that we will be taking in the field of wireless communications, will deal with Batch processing method. In this method, emtire data block is recieved and gathered before it is to be processed; and any inference about the transmitted data X is made only on the

This case project EAP researches EAP. “What is EAP?” Introduction EAP was originally created as an extension to PPP to allow for the development of arbitrary network access authentication methods. With PPP authentication protocols such as Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP), and MS-CHAP version 2 (MS-CHAP v2), a specific authentication mechanism is chosen during the link establishment phase. During the authentication