Middle-East History Essay

13 4. Risk, Uncertainty and Ambiguity 16 4.1. Decision under Risk 18 4.2. Decision under Ambiguity 21 4.3. Political ambiguity in Middle East and North Africa 23 5. DEVELOPMENT UNDER POLITICAL AMBIGUITY IN MENA 26 5.1. Overview of region 26 5.2. Group 1 31 5.3. Group 2 37 6.4. Group 3 41 Conclusion 48 References 50 1. INTRODUCTION Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was homeland for important ancient cultures

shaping the globe. Reasons for why correlations between political violence in the Middle East and the geopolitics of oil can be connected is due to the Middle East being one of the most prominent locations in the world to refine oil along with the regions long history of political and economic turmoil. Examining the history of the Middle East throughout the years, it can be said that, both internally and externally Middle Eastern nations are heavily involved in oil related conflicts against one another

1001 Nights is a collection of stories set in Southwest Asia, West Asia, the Middle East and other Islamic states. There is no known author for 1001 Nights and the origin of the stories has little known. The book and its stories are very well known in the Arab world and very well known in Europe and the America's. So much so that tales from the book have been adapted into the loosely based 1992 film Aladdin. While the stories are so well known, the culture of the Arab world is not. Much of a societies

Abrahamic religions, religions that derive from the biblical character Abraham, have three main religions in the group. The first, and oldest, is Judaism, founded several thousand years ago in the Middle East; then there is Christianity, the most popular religion in the world, which was founded shortly after the death of Christ; finally, there is Islam, the second most popular religion in the world, founded by the prophet Muhammed in the 7th century ACE. Islam has over one billion followers of the

popular group to stereotype recently has been the Middle East. Almost everything people say about them is factually incorrect. The political world does not help much either. Many biased or misinformed politicians say things that aren’t true, which then imprints society, which causes these misconceptions to bloom. Some of the most common misconceptions are what defines an Arab, all Middle Easterns hate Americans and are out to bomb them, and more. Middle Eastern stereotypes are misguided due to assumptions

known as the Asia Minor Agreement, is one of the most pivotal events in the history of the Middle East that would alter the very structure of the region. It continues to negatively impact the countries that were involved due to the decisions made when it was signed and immediately after. The main purpose of the agreement was the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after it was defeated in World War One . The Middle East region did offer many advantages to the Western powers for economic benefits

Question #3: Looking at the last 6 months, what issues have defined our foreign policy in the Middle East. This should be an action-based assessment. What interests do these policy points serve and why? The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been an issue that definitely defined The U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Israel is an ally of the U.S. that receives a lot of foreign aid from the states. It’s a priority for the U.S. to protect Israel so it’s obvious where its’ loyalty lies. Israel also

the way for the United States to make a strategic move that has shaped the course of American policy to this day. In order to attempt to keep communism from spreading to the volatile region that is the Middle East, the United States created an unwritten alliance with the only country in the Middle East that was willing to do so: Israel. Fast forward to present day and the Cold War is no longer relevant to the purpose of “special relationship” between the US and Israel, but many new benefits have arisen

traditions, Lewis paints a much clearer picture of the skewed view today’s radicals have and the way they use history to manipulate. He examines influential Muslim voices like Saddam Hussein and Usama Bin Laden, who have used history to give Islam victim status or to claim the continuance of a predecessor’s mission to not only justify terrorist activities, but also to recruit followers. He tells the history of Bin Laden’s statement referring to the “humiliation and disgrace” Islam supposedly has suffered.

Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East Marc Lynch defines the 2011 Arab uprisings as “an exceptionally rapid, intense, and nearly simultaneous explosions of popular protest across an Arab world united by shared transnational media and bound by a common identity” (Lynch, 9). In his book The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East, he sets out to put the events of the Arab uprising into perspective and to create a guide for the new Middle East. He does so pragmatically