Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.3, Problem 14ELO
14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial genetic control.
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26 .
What is the difference between a repressible and an inducible operon?
Explain the functions of operons in bacterial genetic control.
3.
Which of the following is NOT true about the lac operon?
I) The lac operon is use to help breakdown lactose
II) The lac operon is deemed as a "leaky" operon due to its promoter
III) Allolactose binds to the repressor so they can bind to the operator together
IV) lacI gene and the lacZ gene are under the control of the same promoter
A) I and II
B) III
C) IV
D) III and IV
E) I and III
Chapter 9 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 9.1 - 1. Define heredity, genetics, genome, gene,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Compare the basic nature of genetic material in...Ch. 9.1 - 3. Explain how DNA is organized and packaged.Ch. 9.1 - 4. Describe the chemical structure of DNA and Its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 9.1 - 6. Describe the process of DNA replication as it...Ch. 9.1 - 1. Compare the genetic material of eukaryotes,...Ch. 9.1 - 2. Characterize the organization of genetic...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 9.1 - 4. What are the fundamental building blocks of DNA...
Ch. 9.1 - 5. Describe what is meant by the antiparallel...Ch. 9.1 - 6. Explain the synthesis of the leading and...Ch. 9.1 - 7. Name several characteristics of DNA structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 9.2 - 9. Describe the different types of RNA and their...Ch. 9.2 - 11. Describe the genetic code, codons, and...Ch. 9.2 - 12. Recount the participants and steps in...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 9.2 - 8. How is the language of a gene expressed?Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 9.2 - 10. Construct a table that compares the structure...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 9.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 9.2 - 15. Briefly describe the events in translation.Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 9.2 - 17. Summarize how bacterial and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 9.3 - 14. Explain the functions of operons in bacterial...Ch. 9.3 - 15. Describe the main features of the lactose...Ch. 9.3 - 16. Describe the main features of repressible...Ch. 9.3 - 17. Summarize some aspects of genetic control by...Ch. 9.3 - 19. What is an operon? Describe the functions of...Ch. 9.3 - 20. Compare and contrast the lac operon and...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 9.3 - 22. At which levels of DNA regulation do small...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 9.4 - Summarize the causes and types of mutations and...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 9.4 - Compare beneficial and detrimental effects of...Ch. 9.4 - Explain what is meant by the terms mutation and...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the primary causes, types, and outcomes...Ch. 9.4 - Explain the purposes behind replica plating and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain recombination in bacteria and what it...Ch. 9.5 - Describe the main features of conjugation and its...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 9.5 - Identify the basic processes involved in...Ch. 9.5 - Discuss transposons and their importance to...Ch. 9.5 - Compare conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 9.5 - Explain the differences between general and...Ch. 9.5 - By means of a flowchart, show the possible jumps...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the major elements of viral genetics.Ch. 9.6 - Compare aspects of the genetics of DNA and RNA...Ch. 9.6 - Explain why some viruses must enter the nucleus to...Ch. 9.6 - Explain the difference between positive-strand and...Ch. 9.L1 - What is the smallest unit of heredity (genotype)?...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 9.L1 - The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the a....Ch. 9.L1 - DNA replication is considered semiconservative...Ch. 9.L1 - In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for...Ch. 9.L1 - The base pairs are held together primarily by a....Ch. 9.L1 - Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated...Ch. 9.L1 - Messenger RNA is formed by _______ of a gene on...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which genetic material could be transmitted...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 9.L1 - Which of the following is present in prokaryotes...Ch. 9.L1 - Multiple Matching. Fill in the blanks with all the...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 9.L1 - Explain how it would be possible for A. baumannii...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 9.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 9.L1 - The following sequence represents triplets on DNA:...Ch. 9.L1 - Describe the actions οf all of the enzymes...Ch. 9.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 9.L2 - Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle...Ch. 9.L2 - Using the piece of DNA in writing-challenge...Ch. 9.L2 - Why will a mistake in the RNA code alone not...Ch. 9.L2 - The enzymes required to carry out transcription...Ch. 9.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 9.L2 - Activation, transcription, and translation of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Explain the mechanisms by which RNA can control...Ch. 9.L2 - Ex�Ιain how epigenetics is related to the...Ch. 9.L2 - Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole...Ch. 9.L2 - From figure 9.17, step 3. Label each part of the...Ch. 9.L2 - Examine figure 8.11, and explain which type of...
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- 1. A. A mutation in E. coli is found that fails to induce the arabinose operon. Upon further investigation, it is found that this mutant also is unable to induce the lac operon. Which of the following single mutations could explain this phenotype (you may choose one or more answers a) Mutation in the promoter of the ara operon b) Mutation in the promoter of the lac operon c) Mutation in the operator of the lac operon d) Mutation in the AraC protein for the ara operon e) Mutation in the repressor of the lac operon f) Mutation in the Y gene for Lac permease g) Mutation in the gene for adenylate cyclase h) Mutation in the gene for CAP (or CRP) protein i) Mutation in the gene for rho factor j) None of the above B. Briefly explain the reasons for your choice(s)arrow_forward16. During early life many infants receive milk from the mother. One of the major components of milk is lactose. a) Consider the Lac operon in E. coli, and state what the expression of Lac Y would be in I) E. coli WT (wild type, everything is functional) and II) E. coli whose lacl gene has been delet- ed, when each of the 2 strains are growing in culture flasks that contain high glucose and high lactose. Hint: choose among 'high expression; low expression; no expression'for I) and II). 1) II) b) In the graph below, draw the expression of LacY over time in strains I and II, when each of the 2 strains are growing in culture flasks that contain high glucose and high lactose, as shown in part a). Hint: you can draw the curves on a piece of paper and copy and paste a picture of it, if it is difficult to draw the graph directly here. If you do so and you have a Mac, make sure to convert your exam into PDF by doing "Print > Save as PDF"; do not “Export as PDF". time (min) Make sure to label…arrow_forward1. Which of the following is false when the genes of the Lac operon are being tran- scribed in high amounts: A) RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter B) The repressor is bound to the operator C) Allolactose is bound to the repressor D) Cyclic AMP is bound to CAP.arrow_forward
- 17. options are: transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-transationalarrow_forward1. A strain of E. coli is genetically engineered in which the lacZ and lacY removed and replaced with a gene encoding a fluorescent protein. In addition, scientist produced a partial diploid E. coli strain, i.e. bacteria that have one full copy of the lac operon in their chromosome plus another copy of the lac operon in a plasmid. The modified bacteria have the follow genetic components: genes are One copy of the operon in which the protein product fluoresces green is inserted into the bacteria chromosome One copy of the operon in which the protein product fluoresces red is inserted into a plasmid. Both copies of the lac operon carry one copy of wild-type Promoter (lacP) and Operator (lacO) cis-acting DNA sequences. The modified bacteria have only one copy of the lacI repressor gene in their chromosomes. The lac operon in the plasmid doesn't have the lacI gene. If both fluorescent proteins are expressed, the cells fluoresce yellow and if neither of the fluorescent proteins is…arrow_forward2) Name and describe two types of constitutive mutants of the lactose operon.arrow_forward
- 1. Briefly explain how the TRP operon can control the production of tryptophan. please don't make it too long but make sure to gave all the important stuff. Make sure your answer is in detailed. Thank youarrow_forward5. Use the table below to describe under what conditions the lac operator is turned on and off. Is the lac operon ON/OFF? Condition: No lactose HIGH lactose & HIGH glucose (i.e., high ATP, low cAMP) HIGH lactose & LOW glucose (i.e. low ATP, high CAMP) What is regulating the lac operon to be ON or OFF?arrow_forward9. A single base substitution mutation in lacY gene of the Lac operon would render the entire lac operon nonfunctional. True or False.arrow_forward
- 1. Compare and contrast repressible and inducible operons. 2. Are genes for enzymes involved in anabolic processes usually repressible or inducible , why?arrow_forward2. Distinguish among inducible, repressible, and constitutive gene operons. promoter operator regulator terminator structural genesarrow_forward3. Draw an anabolic operon with three biosynthetic genes for compound Q and a catabolic operon with two catabolic genes for compound R. Draw the operons in the repressed state --Include these components: Promoter, RNA polymerase, Operator, Repressor, Inducer or Corepressor, Biosynthesis genes or Catabolic genes. -- Indicate whether [Q] or [R] is low or high for each operon when it is repressed, and explain your reasoning. FYI: [NaCl] is read as the concentration of NaCl.arrow_forward
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