Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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A thermal power plant operates such that the steam exits boiler at 4 MPa, 400C and the
condenser pressure is 10 kPa. The efficiency of the turbine and pump is 85% and 90%
respectively.
a. Draw the plant PFD (Process Flow Disgram) and the process Ts diagram and calculate
quality of steam discharge from the turbine as well as the plant's thermal efficiency.
b. If the plant produces 300MW of net power,
- What is the steam flowrates in kg/hr?
- If the plant uses natural gas as a fuel, determine the flowrate of NG in MMSCMD.
State the reference for your data.
- If the plant uses coal as a fuel, determine the amount of coal required (tonne per annum).
State the reference for your data and all your assumptions.
c. How much power required by the pump in kW? Is this the real power required
by the pump? Explain
d. Find the heat rejected in the condenser and evaluate the thermal efficiency using this
value.
e. The heat rejected to surrounding is through a cooling water system from a
nearby ocean.…
. In an absorption type refrigerator, the heat is supplied to NH3 generator by
condensing steam at 200 kPa and 90% dry. The temperature in the refrigerator
is to be maintained at -5
OC. Find the maximum COP possible. If the
refrigeration load is 18 tons and actual COP is 70% of the maximum COP, find
the mass of steam required per hour. Assume an atmospheric temperature of
37OC.
A small power plant produces 25 kg/s steam at 3 MPa, 600 degrees Celsius in the boiler. It cools the condenser with the ocean water coming in at 12 degrees Celsius and returning at 15 degrees Celsius so the condenser exit is at 45 degrees Celsius. Find the net power output and the required mass flow rate of ocean water.
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- 2.A steam throttling valve with inlet conditions of 3MPA and 500C is connected to the inlet of the turbine. The turbine has 800kW power output and heat absorbed of 500kw. If the mass flow rate is 1kg/s and the exit temperature of steam is 400C, find the exit turbine pressure. (arrow_forwardSteam engine with incomplete expansion receives saturated steam at 1.04 Mpa,expands it to 0.105 Mpa where release occurs. Exhaust is to a condenser at 40C.The actual engine uses 6070 kg/h of steam; it has a brake engine efficiency of 60%and a mechanical efficiency of 85%. The electric generator which it drives has anefficiency of 925. (a) For the ideal engine, find the thermal efficiency and the mep.For the actual engine, determine (b) the brake work in kW and the brake thermalefficiency, (c) the indicated work in kW, indicated thermal efficiency and indicatedsteam rate, (d) the combined thermal efficiency and the combined steam ratearrow_forwardSteam enters the high-pressure turbine at 150bar and 550c and low pressure turbine at 40bar and 550c .the condensor pressure is 0.1bar using mollier diagram find 1.the dryness fraction at the end of low pressure turbine 2.efficieny 3.steam rate 4.heat rate 5.work ratioarrow_forward
- The evaporator (a heat exchanger) in an A/C unit has R-410A entering at -20 °C and a quality of 30% and leaves at the same temperature and a quality of 100%. The COP of the air conditioner is known to be 1.3 and the mass flow rate is given as 0.013 kg/s. Find the power input to the cycle. (Note that, here, the evaporator is the part of the A/C unit that accepts [i.e., withdraws] heat from the room maintained at a cold temperature)arrow_forwardA one-stage compressor with an ideal intercooler receives 0.5m3/s of Helium at 150kpa and 300K and discharges it at 8600kpa. Find the heat rejected(kw) at the intercooler. Ans:0 Provide solutionarrow_forwardIn a marine gas turbine unit, a high-pressure stage turbine drives the compressor and a low-pressure stage turbine drives the propeller through suitable gearing. The overall pressure ratio is 4/1 and the maximum temperature is 650 o the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, H. P. turbine, L. P. turbine are 0.8, 0.83 and 0.85 respectively and the mechanical efficiency of both shafts is 98 %. Sketch the process on the T-s diagram i. Calculate the pressure between turbine stages when the air intake conditions are 1.01 bar and 25 oC. ii. Calculate also the thermal efficiency and the shaft power when the mass flow is 60 kg/s. NB: Neglect kinetic energy changes and the pressure loss in combustion.arrow_forward
- In a steam power plant that uses reheat cycle steam at 15.5 MPa, 545 °C enters the engine and expands to 1.95 MPa. At this point the steam is withdrawn and passes through a reheater. It reenters the engine at 535 °C. Expansions now occur to the condenser pressure of 0.0035 MPa. Find the efficiency in %.arrow_forwardA steam engine isentropically expand 5kg/sec of the steam from the 0.70 mpa 250°c, the exhaust is dry saturated, def; (a) work of non flow process (b) final temperature (c) work of the steam flow processarrow_forwardCogeneration is often used where a steam supply is needed for industrial process energy. Assume a supply of 5 kg/s steam at 0.5 MPa is needed. Rather than generating this from a pump and boiler, the setup in below. is used so the supply is extracted from the high-pressure turbine. Find the power the turbine now cogenerates in this process. 2 3 HP LParrow_forward
- In a 14 TR ammonia refrigeration plant, the condensing temperature is 250C and evaporating temperature -100C. The refrigerant ammonia is sub-cooled by 5 0C before passing through the throttle valve. The vapor leaving the evaporator is 0.97 dry. Find: 1. Coefficient of performance: and 2. Power required. Use refrigerant table for properties of ammonia at 250C and -100C.arrow_forwardGiven • isentoopie efficiency of the turbine isentropie · To find 86 and 91% If Dolynesi toraction Shoud not 86%. " of Pump = 91% Boiler = at State 6 be more than 1%. 1% Thermal efficiency of Puant 2 MPa (Pump 13 MPa, 600 C Turbine Condenserarrow_forwardSteam is generated at 4.10 Mpa and 440°C and condensation occurs at 0.105 MPa a. For a Rankine engine operating between these limits, computethe thermal efficiency and the heat rate b. Considering that a Rankine cycle occurs between same limits, determine QA, QR, Wnet and eth c. What mass flow rate is required for a net output of 30 000 kW Don't answer the given problem, just give me the schematic diagram and t-s diagram of the given problemarrow_forward
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