Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 1CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Ø How does the second law of
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In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of
Na* is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentra-
tion is 1 µM to a region where it is 100 mM? (Assume T = 37 °C.)
(a) In the absence of a membrane potential.
(b) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV.
(c) In cach case, will hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP suffice to drive the trans-
port of 1 mole of ion, assuming pH 7.4 and the following cytoplamic
concentrations: ATP= 4.60 mM, P = 5.10 mM, ADP = 310 µM?
Model 4 - Transport Proteins: Facilitated Diffusion
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10. What appears to be the effect of inserting a protein channel into the membrane on the
movement of molecules across the membrane?
11. Is the inner surface (facing the channel) of the embedded protein likely to be polar or nonpolar
in the examples shown in Model 4? Is the exterior surface (facing the fatty acid chains of the
phospholipids) of the embedded protein likely to be polar or nonpolar? Explain your reasoning.
When a membrane protein assists in the passive transport of molecules across a barrier in the
direction down their concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration) it is
called facilitated diffusion. Transport proteins may also be involved in active transport where the
cell uses energy from…
In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents:
the extracellular concentration of potassium
the extracellular concentration of sodium
the membrane potential (in millivolts)
the intracellular concentration of calcium
the intracellular concentration of potassium
Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids?
HCO3- (bicarbonate)
Ca2+ (calcium)
PO43- (phosphate)
Na+ (sodium)
K+ (potassium)
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How does the second law of...Ch. 8.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the...Ch. 8.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 8.2 - VISUAL SKILLS How would the processes of...Ch. 8.2 - WHAT IF? Some nighttime partygoers wear glow-in-...Ch. 8.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 8.11a show passive...Ch. 8.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...
Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 8.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Explain how the highly ordered structure of a cell...Ch. 8 - Explain the meaning of each component in the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ATP cycle: How is ATP used and...Ch. 8 - How do both activation energy barriers and enzymes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5CRCh. 8 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 8 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 8 - Some bacteria art metabolically active in hot...Ch. 8 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 8 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a) endergonic process because free energy increases (b) endergonic process because free energy decreases (c) exergonic process because entropy increases (d) exergonic process because entropy decreases (e) more than one of the preceding options are truearrow_forwardDistinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?arrow_forwardIn the following situations, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is1 μM to a region where it is 100 mM?(Assume T = 37 °C.) (a) In the absence of a membrane potential. (b) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. (c) In each case, will hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP suffice to drive the transport of 1 mole of ion, assuming pH 7.4 and the following cytoplasmic concentrations: ATP = 4.60 mM, Pi = 5.10 mM, ADP = 310 μM?arrow_forward
- For the following scenarios, determine whether the molecules in the scenario are moving by simple diffusion (S), osmosis (0), facilitated diffusion (F), or active transport (A). a)For water to travel across the cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein channels known as aquaporins b)While water molecules are polar, they are also very small. Some water molecules are able to squeeze directly through the phospholipid bilayer due to their small size. C)Charged ions such as Na* travel through a cell membrane against their concentration gradient d)Cells lining the gut need to take in glucose, but at certain times, the concentration of extraceliular glucose is lower than the concentration already stored in the cells. e)At a certain time, glucose is in a high concentration outside of a cell and needs to travel through the membrane into the cell but does so using a glucose transporter protein.arrow_forward1:58 l 5GE Done 11 of 23 3 of 12 During an investigation on membrane transport, a researcher exposed bacterial cells to different concentrations of two different solutes: A and B. The rate of transport of each solute into cells is represented in the graph. = Solute A = Solute B Solute Concentration Which of the following best explains the greater rate of transport for solute A than for solute B at higher solute concentrations? Solute A is being transported by simple diffusion, which does not rely on membrane proteins to control the rate of transport. A Solute A is being transported by active transport, which uses ATP and has higher rates of transport than passive transport. B Solute A is being transported by facilitated diffusion, which uses membrane proteins to increase the rate of transport. Submit !! Rate of Transport IIarrow_forwardCalculate the free energy required to move 1 mol of K* ions from inside the cell (where concentration of K+= 0.063 M) to the outside the cell (where concentration K+= 0.17 M). The membrane potential is -0.05 V and the temperature is 303.06 K. K+ (inside cell) → K* (outside cell)arrow_forward
- Which of the following complexes is not involved in pumping protons to the inter-membrane space? O Complex IV O Complex III O Complex II O Complex Iarrow_forwardFor this practice problem, would the answer be c)NaCl? My reasoning behind this is because molecules under 100 Da can use simple diffusion, while nonpolar molecules and larger molecules like benzene can use channels via facilitated diffusion. However, NaCl dissociates into ions and cannot readily use diffusion?arrow_forwardQ. 1 (i) What is meant by Diffusion as applied in biological membrane. (ii) State three factors that affect diffusion. (iii) Write down mathematical expression of diffusion from Fick’s law.arrow_forward
- In facilitated diffusion, what is the role of the transport protein? > View Available Hint(s) O Transport proteins allow solutes to move passively down their concentration gradient across the membrane. O Transport proteins provide the energy for diffusion of the solute. O Transport proteins provide a low-resistance channel for water molecules to cross the membrane. O Transport proteins provide a protein site for ATP hydrolysis, which facilitates the movement of a solute across a membrane. Transport proteins organize the phospholipids to allow the solute to cross the membrane.arrow_forwardExplain why, when a concentration gradient exists on two sides of membrane, that the spontaneous movement of solute molecules is from areas of high concentration towards low concentration. (hint: think of thermodynamics)arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forward
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