Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The feed ratio
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:
Here,
For two phase binary mixture, Raoult’s law states that,
Here,
An ideal gas is the gas which obeys ideal gas laws which is a simplified equation of states.
A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure. At STP, a mole of an ideal gas has a volume of
(b)
Interpretation:
An expression for
Concept introduction:
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
The equation for energy balance is:
Here,
Specific heat capacity
Specific enthalpy
Here,
(c)
Interpretation:
The film temperature change is to be calculated is the inlet temperature of the air is
(d)
Interpretation:
The required value of
(e)
Interpretation:
The reason for the decrease in the temperature of the film is to be explained even if the temperature of the inlet air is kept higher than the inlet film temperature.
Concept introduction:
In an adiabatic system, when evaporation takes place, the heat from the condensate is used to evaporate the volatile liquid after all the heat from the air is used up.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
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