Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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1. A closed tank, V = 10 L, containing 5 kg of water initially at 25 °C, is heated to 150 ° C by a heat
pump that is receiving heat from the surroundings at 25 ° C. Assume that this process is reversible.
Find the heat transfer to the water and its change in entropy.
Steam @ 500 C and 3500 kPa enters a
nozzle at a velocity of 30 m/s and leaves
as saturated vapor at 100 kPa, steam
experiences a heat loss of 128 kg/ş to
the surroundings which are at 25 C.
What is the amount of entropy
generation (kJ/kg.K)?
Select one:
A. 0.6291
B. 0.5473
C. 0.2299
D. 0.7424
E. 0.1996
A well insulated steam turbine receives steam at temperature T1 = 540 °C and pressure p1= 30 bar. Steam exits the turbine at p2 = 0.7 bar and T2 = 160 °C. The mass flow rate of the steam at the inlet is 4kg/s.
a) Calculate the power generated by the turbine
b) Calculate the rate of entropy production, in kW/K, of the turbine process.
c) Calculate the isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine.
You can assume that
Potential energy change and kinetic energy change can be neglected.
The turbine can be modelled as a control volume at steady state.
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- 20. If 10 kg/min of air are compressed isothermally from P1 = 96 kPa and Vi 7.65 m³/min to P2 = 620 kPa, find the work, change in entropy %3D for a non-flow process and a steady flow process with vị = 15 m/s and v2 = 60 m/s.arrow_forward5.29 From a constant temperature reser- voir (in the surroundings) at 3000°F, there are transferred 2000 Btu of heat to a Carnot engine. The engine receives the heat at 440°F and discharges at the sink temperature of 80°F. (s) Are the heat transfers reversible? Compute the change of entropy of the engine system accompanying the heat added process and the heat rejection process. (b) What is the net change of entropy of the universe in one cycle? of the engine in one cycle? (c) When all the Carnot work produced has been used, what is AS, for the universe? (d) If the input to the engine is 2000 Btu of paddle work (other events remaining as first des- cribed), what is AS, for the universe? Ans. (a) 2.222, -2.222 Btu/°R, (b) 1.644 Btu/°R, 0, (c) 3.124, (d) 2.222 Btu/°R.arrow_forwardWater in a tank can be heated from T; to T, if by: case (1) Adding heat from external source or case (2) Using electric heater. i The entropy generation will be: Select one: A. Zero in both cases. B. Always Greater in case (1). C. Always Greater in case (2). D. Greater or Lower in any case depending on other operating parameters. E. The same "Non-zero" value in both cases.arrow_forward
- A steam turbine drives an air compressor-all power produced by the turbine is sent to the compressor; there is no extra power produced. Steady-state operating data are provided on the figure. Assume the ideal gas model for air, and ignore stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects. Steam 1 STATE DATA for SYSTEM P, = 30 bar T, = 600°C m = 1.5 kg/s n = 80% P2 = 3 bar P3 = 1 bar T3 = 27°C Turbine Compressor %3D 2 Airarrow_forwardFast ,Do not hold. Two heat engines receive heat from a source at temperature of 550◦C. Heat engine "A" receives 200 kJ of heat and rejects the waste heat to a sink at 180◦C. Heat engine "B" receives 180 kJ of heat and rejects the waste heat to a sink at 120◦C.(a) Caclualte the generated entropy, Sgen, in both processes.(b) Based on your answer in part (a), identify the heat transfer that is more irreversible.arrow_forwardWrite legibly, provide manual step by step solution, and diagram for below given problem. A throttling calorimeter is connected to the superheated steam line supplying steam to the auxiliary feed pump on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5 Mpa. The calorimeter pressure is 110 kpa and 150 deg C. Determine the entropy of the steam line. a. 6.8 KJ/kg-deg K c. 6.6 KJ/kg-deg Kb. 6.2 KJ/kg-deg K d. 7.5KJ/kg-deg Karrow_forward
- 8.0 RESULT/ CALCULATION The power stroke in an internal combustion engine can be approximated with a polytropic expansion. Consider air in a cylinder volume of 0.2 L at 7 MPa, 1800 K. It now expands in a reversible polytropic process with exponent, n = 1.5, through a volume ratio of (VN1) 8:1. Calculate the work and heat transfer for the process. PV1.5 = Carrow_forwardA turbine, operating under steady- flow conditions, reccives 1000 kg/min of stcam. At the inlet, the pressure is 30 bar, the temperature is 400°C, the velocity At the exit, the pressure is 0.7 bar, the quality is (100%), and the velocity is 100 m/s. If the turbine produced a power output of 9300 KW. By using the energy balance of open system with sutable tables, answer the following: (a) What are the main assumptions ? (b) Calculate dh, AKe ? (c) Calculate the rate of heat transfer between the turbine and surroundings, in kW.arrow_forwardDetermine the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the reversible cycle shown in the sketch (T in Rankine). Use the differential form relating heat transfer, temperature and entropy and do some basic integrals to get your Q values to use in COP calculation. 1000 500 0.1 S (Btu/R) 0.4 T(R)arrow_forward
- Q10) One kg of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally at 400K from 100 kPa to 1000kPa in a piston cylinder arrange, calculate the entropy change of the gas, the entropy change of the surroundings and the total change in entropy if, a- the process is mechanically reversible b- the process is reversible and the surroundings consist of heat sink at 300K ,c- the process is mechanically irreversible requiring 20% more work than the mechanically reversible compression and the surroundings consist of heat sink reservoir at 300K. Take R=0.287.arrow_forward1. A heat pump design creates a heating effect of 35 kW while using 15 kW of electrical power. wwww wwwwn wwwww w The thermal energy reservoirs are at 300 K and 250 K. www ww (a) Show the system sketch and label all the values given on it ww www u w w (b) Demonstrate the 1st law application for this system (c) Find entropy generationarrow_forwardS. A fluid undergoes a reversible adiabatic compression from 0.5 MPa, 0.2m to 0 m according to the law, pV1.3= c. Calculate the change in enthalpy, entropy and. internal energy. Also, compute the heat transfer and work nonflow during the process.arrow_forward
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