Chapter 7, Problem 7.69P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of radiation that can cause the photoelectric effect in calcium is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electromagnetic waves are radiations that are formed by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric and magnetic field components of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other.

Energy is proportional to the frequency and is expressed by the Plank-Einstein equation as follows:

$E=h\nu$

Here,

$E$ is the energy.

$h$ is the Plank’s constant.

$\nu$ is the frequency

The equation that relates to the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is as follows:

$\nu =\frac{c}{\lambda }$

Here,

$c$ is the speed of light.

$\lambda$ is the wavelength.

Equation (1) can be modified as follows:

$E=h\left(\frac{c}{\lambda }\right)$ (1)

The conversion factor to convert wavelength from $\text{m}$ to $\text{nm}$ is as follows:

$1\text{ m}=\text{1}\times {\text{10}}^{-9}\text{ nm}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of radiation that can cause the photoelectric effect in titanium is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electromagnetic waves are radiations that are formed by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric and magnetic field components of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other.

Energy is proportional to the frequency and is expressed by the Plank-Einstein equation as follows:

$E=h\nu$

Here,

$E$ is the energy.

$h$ is the Plank’s constant.

$\nu$ is the frequency

The equation that relates to the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is as follows:

$\nu =\frac{c}{\lambda }$

Here,

$c$ is the speed of light.

$\lambda$ is the wavelength.

Equation (1) can be modified as follows:

$E=h\left(\frac{c}{\lambda }\right)$ (1)

The conversion factor to convert wavelength from $\text{m}$ to $\text{nm}$ is as follows:

$1\text{ m}=\text{1}\times {\text{10}}^{-9}\text{ nm}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of radiation that can cause a photoelectric effect in sodium is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electromagnetic waves are radiations that are formed by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric and magnetic field components of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other.

Energy is proportional to the frequency and is expressed by the Plank-Einstein equation as follows:

$E=h\nu$

Here,

$E$ is the energy.

$h$ is the Plank’s constant.

$\nu$ is the frequency

The equation that relates to the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is as follows:

$\nu =\frac{c}{\lambda }$

Here,

$c$ is the speed of light.

$\lambda$ is the wavelength.

Equation (1) can be modified as follows:

$E=h\left(\frac{c}{\lambda }\right)$ (1)

The conversion factor to convert wavelength from $\text{m}$ to $\text{nm}$ is as follows:

$1\text{ m}=\text{1}\times {\text{10}}^{-9}\text{ nm}$