Chapter 7, Problem 53PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Example: