The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781118156599
Author: Edward B. Burger, Michael Starbird
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.2, Problem 38MS
Infinite edges. Suppose we consider a conn ected graph in the plane, but now we allow edges to go from a vertex out to infinity. What would
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A case-control (or retrospective) study was conducted to investigate a relationship between the colors of helmets worn by motorcycle drivers and whether they are injured or killed in a crash. Results are given in the accompanying table. Using a 0.01
significance level, test the claim that injuries are independent of helmet color.
Color of Helmet
Black
White
Yellow
Red
Blue
Controls (not injured)
499
373
32
159
79
Cases (injured
221
108
8
66
38
or killed)
Click here to view the chi-square distribution table.
Chi-square distribution table
Area to the Right of the Critical Value
Degrees of
Freedom
0.995
0.99
0.975
0.95
0.90
0.10
0.05
0.025
0.01
0.005
C. Ho: Injuries and neimet color are dependent
H₁: Injuries and helmet color are independent
D. Ho: Whether a crash occurs and helmet color are dependent
1
0.001
0.004
0.016
2.706
3.841
5.024
6.635
7.879
2
0.010
0.020
0.051
0.103
0.211
4.605
5.991
7.378
9.210
10.597
3
0.072
0.115
0.216
0.352
0.584
6.251
7.815
9.348
11.345
12.838
4
0.207
0.297…
Conduct the hypothesis test and provide the test statistic and the critical value, and state the conclusion.
A person drilled a hole in a die and filled it with a lead weight, then proceeded to roll it 200 times. Here are the observed frequencies for the outcomes of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively: 28, 32, 46, 39, 29, 26. Use a 0.025 significance level to test the
claim that the outcomes are not equally likely. Does it appear that the loaded die behaves differently than a fair die?
Click here to view the chi-square distribution table.
The test statistic is
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Chi-square distribution table
Area to the Right of the Critical Value
Degrees of
Freedom
0.995
0.99
0.975
0.95
0.90
0.10
0.05
0.025
0.01
0.005
1
0.001
0.004
0.016
2.706
3.841
5.024
6.635
2
0.010
0.020
0.051
0.103
0.211
4.605
5.991
7.378
9.210
7.879
10.597
3
0.072
0.115
0.216
0.352
0.584
6.251
7.815
9.348
11.345 12.838
4
0.207
0.297
0.484
0.711
1.064
7.779
9.488
11.143
13.277 14.860
5…
The online clothing retailer e-Parel is conducting a study to estimate the average size of the orders placed by visitors to its website. The project manager desires a $60 bound on the error of estimation at 90% confidence. The population standard deviation is unknown, and a “best guess” of $175 is used as the planning value for σ.
Use the Distributions tool to help you answer the questions that follow.
0123
Select a Distribution
The z-value for a 90% confidence interval of the population mean is .
In order to satisfy the requirement of a $60 bound on the error of estimation, a sample size no smaller than is needed.
Chapter 6 Solutions
The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking
Ch. 6.1 - Map maker, map maker make me a graph. Represent...Ch. 6.1 - Unabridged list. Represent cach landmass from...Ch. 6.1 - Will the walk work? Does your graph from...Ch. 6.1 - Walk around the house. Is it possibel to traverse...Ch. 6.1 - Walk the line. Does this graph above have an Euler...Ch. 6.1 - Walkabout. Does this graph have an Euler circuit?...Ch. 6.1 - Linking the loops. In this map, the following...Ch. 6.1 - Scenic drive. (S) Here is a map of Rockystone...Ch. 6.1 - Under-edged. (H) Does this graph have an Euler...Ch. 6.1 - No man is an island. The country of Pelago...
Ch. 6.1 - Path-o-rama. For each graph below, determine if...Ch. 6.1 - Walk around the block. Create a graph of the...Ch. 6.1 - Walking the dogs. Your dogs, Abbey and Bear, love...Ch. 6.1 - Delivery query. The next time you see a postal...Ch. 6.1 - Snow job. (ExH) Shown here is a map of the tiny...Ch. 6.1 - Special delivery. (ExH) Julia is the letter...Ch. 6.1 - Draw this old house. Suppose you wanted to trace...Ch. 6.1 - Path of no return. Consider this map showing a...Ch. 6.1 - Without a trace. Is it possibel to trace out...Ch. 6.1 - New Euler. In the three previous Mindscapes, you...Ch. 6.1 - New edge—new circuit. Look at the graph for...Ch. 6.1 - New edge—new path. Review your work for...Ch. 6.1 - Path to proof. Suppose you have a connected graph...Ch. 6.1 - No Euler no how. Look at graph (a) for Mindscape...Ch. 6.1 - Degree day. (S) For cach graph below, determine...Ch. 6.1 - degrees of proof. Review your work for Mindscape...Ch. 6.1 - Degrees in sequence. Can you draw a graph that has...Ch. 6.1 - Even Steven. Review your work in Mindscape 28 to...Ch. 6.1 - Little League lesson. (H) You are in charge of...Ch. 6.1 - With a group of folks. In a small group, discuss...Ch. 6.1 - Power beyond the mathematics. Provide several...Ch. 6.1 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.1 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.1 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.1 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.1 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.2 - What a character! What expression gives the Euler...Ch. 6.2 - Count, then verify. What are the values of V, E,...Ch. 6.2 - Sneeze, then verify. Look at an unopened tissue...Ch. 6.2 - Blow, then verify. Inflate a ballon and use a...Ch. 6.2 - Add one. Find the values V, E, and F for the graph...Ch. 6.2 - Bowling. What is the Euler Characteristic of the...Ch. 6.2 - Making change. We begin with the graph pictured at...Ch. 6.2 - Making a point. Take a connected graph and add a...Ch. 6.2 - On the edge (H). Is it possible to add an edge to...Ch. 6.2 - Soap films. Consider the following sequence of...Ch. 6.2 - Dualing. What is the relationship between the...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 12MSCh. 6.2 - Lots of separation. Suppose we are told that a...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 14MSCh. 6.2 - Psychic readings. Someone is thinking of a...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 16MSCh. 6.2 - Prob. 17MSCh. 6.2 - Circular reasoning. Create a connected graph as...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 19MSCh. 6.2 - More circles. Consider the sphere described in...Ch. 6.2 - In the rough (S). Count the number of facets,...Ch. 6.2 - Cutting corners (H). The following collection of...Ch. 6.2 - Stellar. The following collection of pictures...Ch. 6.2 - A torus graph (ExH). The Euler Characteristic...Ch. 6.2 - Regular unfolding. Each graph below represents...Ch. 6.2 - A tale of two graphs. Suppose we draw a graph that...Ch. 6.2 - Two graph conjectures (S). Can you conjecture a...Ch. 6.2 - Lots of graphs conjecture. Can you conjecture a...Ch. 6.2 - Torus count. Three hollowed, triangular prisms...Ch. 6.2 - Torus two count (H). Carefully count the number of...Ch. 6.2 - Torus many count. Using the preceding calculations...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 32MSCh. 6.2 - Tell the truth. Someone said that she made a...Ch. 6.2 - No sphere. Suppose we have a sphere built out of...Ch. 6.2 - Soccer ball. A soccer ball is made of pentagons...Ch. 6.2 - Klein bottle. Using the diagram here for building...Ch. 6.2 - Not many neighbors. Show that every map has at...Ch. 6.2 - Infinite edges. Suppose we consider a conn ected...Ch. 6.2 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 44MSCh. 6.2 - Prob. 45MSCh. 6.2 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.2 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.3 - Dont be cross. Here is a drawing of a graph with...Ch. 6.3 - De Plane! De Plane! (S) Is the graph given in...Ch. 6.3 - Countdown (H). For the graph drawing shown, count...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4MSCh. 6.3 - Criss-Cross. Is it possible to redraw the graph...Ch. 6.3 - Dont cross in the edge. Each of the graphs drawn...Ch. 6.3 - Hot crossed buns. Each of the graphs drawn below...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 8MSCh. 6.3 - Spider on a mirror. Is it possible to redraw the...Ch. 6.3 - One more vertex. The graph here is drawn to show...Ch. 6.3 - Yet one more vertex (H). The graph shown is drawn...Ch. 6.3 - Familiar freckles. Is it possible to redraw the...Ch. 6.3 - Remind you of anyone you know? Is it possible to...Ch. 6.3 - Final countdown. For this graph drawing, count the...Ch. 6.3 - Euler check-up. Use your answer to the previous...Ch. 6.3 - Euler second opinion. For the graph drawing shown...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 17MSCh. 6.3 - Prob. 18MSCh. 6.3 - A colorful museum. This figure shows the floor...Ch. 6.3 - Limit of 5. Start drawing a planar graph. Keep...Ch. 6.3 - Starring the hexagon. Is it possible to redraw...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 22MSCh. 6.3 - Prob. 23MSCh. 6.3 - Getting greedy. (H) Suppose you are asked to color...Ch. 6.3 - Stingy rather than greedy. By coloring the...Ch. 6.3 - Getting more colorful. Graphs dont have to be...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 27MSCh. 6.3 - Prob. 28MSCh. 6.3 - Chromatically applied. There are eight radio...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 30MSCh. 6.3 - Personal perspectives. Write a short essay...Ch. 6.3 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.3 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 37MSCh. 6.3 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.3 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 6.4 - Up close and personal. Create a graph to model...Ch. 6.4 - Network lookout. Find an examle of a network...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 3MSCh. 6.4 - Hamiltonian holiday (S). You are interning for a...Ch. 6.4 - Home style. Create a graph to model the rooms in...Ch. 6.4 - Six degrees or less. Suppose this graph is a model...Ch. 6.4 - Degrees of you. Find ten willing friends or...Ch. 6.4 - Campus shortcut. Find a map of your campus and...Ch. 6.4 - Arborist lesson. Which of the graphs below are...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 10MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 11MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 12MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 13MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 14MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 15MSCh. 6.4 - Hamilton Study. Look at the graph you drew to...Ch. 6.4 - Business trip redux. Look back in the section and...Ch. 6.4 - Handling Hamiltons. For each graph below, find a...Ch. 6.4 - Road trip. You are checking out gradua te programs...Ch. 6.4 - Back to Hatties trip. Look back in this section...Ch. 6.4 - Solve the Icosian Game. Find a Hamiltonian circuit...Ch. 6.4 - Hunt for Hamilton (S). A large island country has...Ch. 6.4 - Has no Hamilton. Give some characteristics that...Ch. 6.4 - Cubing Hamilton (ExH). Can you find a Hamihonian...Ch. 6.4 - Hamiltonian path. A Hamiltonian path is a path in...Ch. 6.4 - Sorry, no path. Give some characteristics that...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 27MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 28MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 29MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 30MSCh. 6.4 - Edge count. Look at all the trees you drew in the...Ch. 6.4 - Personal perspecthes. Write a short essay...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 33MSCh. 6.4 - Prob. 34MSCh. 6.4 - Dollars and cents. Your spanning tree has three...Ch. 6.4 - Adding up. Your spanning tree has four edges with...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 38MSCh. 6.4 - Vertex search (H). Your graph has a Hamiltonian...Ch. 6.4 - Binary gossip tree. You told a secret to two of...
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