Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6.1, Problem 1CSC
Energy Unleashed
Much like a car’s engine, the marathoner’s muscles are only about 20% efficient in converting chemical energy into movement; much of the other 80% is lost as heat. Sweating helps to prevent overheating because the water in sweat absorbs large amounts of heat as it evaporates. But even while Sitting at the computer and doing other non-sweaty activities, we still bum energy, just to stay alive. Where does this energy come from?
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Energy from the breakdown of ATP provides the kinetic energy formuscle movement. Why does body temperature increase duringexercise?
I played field hockey for 1 hour and my Fitbit Watch says that I expended 1,085 Calories. If triglycerides in my adipose (fat) cells powered all that activity, how may grams of fat were consumed in powering that exercise? (Hint: the Calorie Content of Fats you determined in Lab Exercise 9A was 8.9 Calories/g): Show your calculation…
Skeletal muscles account for approximately 43% of the typical body mass. At rest, they use about 18% of the BMR. Of the total energy burned by the skeletal muscle, only 25% is used for work, and this is the muscular efficiency. What happens to the remaining 75% of energy? Choose the best answer.
It is reabsorbed and stored for later use.
It is transferred as electrical energy from the muscle to muscle.
It is converted to heat to warm the body.
It is used to make more ATP.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - What other changes would help reduce fossil fuel...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - Could one design a roller coaster that didnt use...Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Energy Unleashed Marathoners rely on glycogen...Ch. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...
Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQ
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- A swimmer competes in a race that will take approximately five minutes to complete after three minutes how will the swimmer preferentially make ATP? phosphagen system aerobically anaerpbicallyarrow_forwardATP is a limited source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction. The cell has other ways of producing ATP depending on the duration and type of exercise. Describe these other processes contributing to ATP production in a person is running on a treadmill for 30 minutes.arrow_forwardAn animal living in a cold environment loses heat at a rate that is proportional to its surface area, but its metabolism generates heat in all of its cells, so the rate of heat generation is proportional to its volume. All other factors being equal (which they often are not!), which implications would follow from these facts? Choose all correct responses. Because it is smaller, a baby seal is more at risk for hypothermia (body temperature falling to too low a value) than is an adult when it is in an ocean significantly colder than its body temperature. If you take a baby outdoors on a cold day, you should dress it more warmly than you would dress yourself because it is smaller. If you take a baby outdoors on a cold day, you should dress it less warmly than you would dress yourself because it is smaller. If you take a baby outdoors on a cold day, how cold it feels to you is a good measure of how warmly you should dress that baby. Because it is smaller, a baby seal is less at…arrow_forward
- What other molecules (besides sugars) serve as a source of energy for our bodies? Research shows that regular exercise and physical activity have multiple health benefits. List at least five physiological benefits of regular exercise.arrow_forwardWhy do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardYou are designing an experiment to determine if you can make desert kangaroo rats active at noon. At noon the ground and air are warmer than the internal temperature of the rats. You decide to provide the kangaroo rats with enough water to ensure they can maintain body temperature homeostasis. Based on a simplified model, you determine that at noon, kangaroo rats: - Absorb 8 watts of radiation - Generate 1 watt of metabolic heat - Re-radiate 1 watt - Exchange a total of 2 watts with the surrounding desert ground and air via conduction - Exchange 4 watts through convective processes The kangaroo rat is not in energy balance. Since kangaroo rats lose 1 watt through latent heat (i.e. evaporative cooling) with each 2 ml of water consumed, how much water would you need to provide the kangaroo rat so that it can reach homeostasis? 04 8. O 12 O24 O 28 32arrow_forward
- What type(s) of ATP producing pathway(s) do animal cells utilize? only fermentation only aerobic cellular respiration only anaerobic cellular respiration BOTH aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation BOTH anaerobic cellular respiration and aerobic cellular respirationarrow_forwardIf fatty acids are a more efficient storehouse of energy than glucose or glycogen, why aren't they used immediately to drive muscle contraction?arrow_forwardSkeletal muscles, which move bones, consist of cells fused into long fibers. These muscle fibers differ in how they make ATP. Red muscle fibers use aerobic respiration to generate ATP. Red muscle fibers have greater endurance because they can continue to generate ATP as long as they continue to get oxygen. White muscle fibers use anaerobic respiration to generate ATP. White muscle fibers can generate ATP very quickly for short bursts of energy but they cannot sustain this for long periods of time. Red muscle fibers are darker in color than white muscle fibers. This difference in color is partially because red muscle fibers have many more mitochondria than white muscle fibers, and the mitochondria require a large number of myoglobin proteins. Myoglobin proteins help transport oxygen to the mitochondria and create the deep red color of red muscle fibers. Which of the following statements correctly describes why white muscle fibers do not need as many mitochondria as red muscle fibers?…arrow_forward
- After finishing a grueling marathon, a runner exclaims, “Whew, I think I’ve used up all my ATP!” Could this be possible?arrow_forwardMarathon runners often practice "carb loading" prior to a race. The purpose of this practice is to increase the stores of energy available for muscles to use. Explain how energy is used by muscle fibers and how this practice of "card loading" benefits the runner's muscles. Be sure to use the terms glucose, glycogen, creatine, phosphate, and ATP in the explanation.arrow_forwardThe reason you breathe heavily while exercising is that your body is trying to take in oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration and generate enough ATP to replenish the ATP you use during exercise. If you are exercising vigorously, the need for ATP might be greater than the amount of oxygen you can inhale. In this situation, your body cells generate ATP through lactate fermentation. As you continue vigorous exercise, your muscles might begin to "burn," causing you to stop and rest. This burning sensation is the result of a chemical buildup in your muscle cells. Based on this information, which of the following chemicals likely causes pain in over-exercised muscles? A. Lactate B. NADH C. Ethanolarrow_forward
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