In the light-dependent reactions, what accumulates in the thylakoid compartment of chloroplasts? a. sugars c. O2 b. hydrogen ions d. CO2
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In the light-dependent reactions, what accumulates in the thylakoid compartment of chloroplasts?
a. sugars c. O2
b. hydrogen ions d. CO2
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- Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?Which part of the chloroplast MOST clearly uses modified surface-area-to-volume ratios to function efficiently? A.Thylakoid B.Outer membrane C.Stroma D.ATP synthaseWhich part of the chloroplast MOST clearly uses modified surface-area-to-volume ratios to function efficiently? A. thylakoid B. outer membrane C. stroma D. ATP synthase
- Compare photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. How is chemiosmosis in chloroplasts different from chemiosmosis in mitochondria? a. Chemiosmosis is used in chloroplasts to transfer chemical energy from organic molecules to ATP. b. In mitochondria, light is transformed into ATP using photosystems I and II. c. Chemiosmosis in mitochondria occurs across an intra-organelle membrane, where it does not in chloroplasts. d. In chloroplasts, the high-energy electrons come from water.The different parts of the chloroplast have separate reactions that occur in them. Which occurs in the stroma? A. Photolysis B. Light-dependent reaction C. Electron transport chain D. Calvin cycleRibulose bisphosphate carboxylase, which might be the most abundant enzyme on Earth, is part of which photosynthetic reaction? A. the Hill reaction B. the light-independent reaction C. photosystem II D. the light-dependent reaction E. photosystem I
- Which molecule conveys protons from the chloroplast stroma into the thylakoid lumen? a. cytochrome b6-f b. plastocyanin c. phytochrome d. cytochrome c e. oxygenFrom which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly? a. photosystem II b. photosystem I c. cytochrome complex d. ATP synthaseIn which compartment of the chloroplast and mitochondrion does the ATP synthase pump the protons respectively? a. Stroma and matrix b. Lumen and thylakoid membrane c. Lumen and intermembrane space d. Matrix and thylakoid lumen
- Through light reductions, ADP is phosphorylated into ATP via chemiosmosis. What is this process called? a. Reduction b. Calvin Cycle c. Photophosphorylation d. PhotosynthesisWhich complex is not involved in the establishment of conditions for ATP synthesis? a. photosystem I b. ATP synthase c. photosystem II d. cytochrome complexThe role of photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 in the process of photosynthesis is to a. absorb sunlight and distribute the energy as heat b. absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons c. form ATP as hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane d. transfer electrons to form NADPH