The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to Δ H f ° for the compound are to be determined. Cl ( g ) + Na ( s ) → NaCl ( s ) Concept introduction: The standard enthalpy of formation ( Δ H f ° ) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state. Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.79P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

Cl(g)+Na(s)→NaCl(s)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

H2O(g)→2H(g)+12O2(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes that are needed in the following reaction so that the enthalpy change is equal to ΔHf° for the compound are to be determined.

12N2(g)+32H2→NH3(g)

Concept introduction:

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change of the formation of 1 mol of compound from its elements and the reactants and products, in this case, is also present in their standard state.

Standard state includes 1 atm pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for substances in the aqueous phase and the most stable form of substance at 1 atm pressure and 298 K temperature. For example, metal like sodium exists in solid state and molecular elements like halogen exist in a gaseous state.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

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