Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781119391388
Author: MORAN, Michael J., SHAPIRO, Howard N., Boettner, Daisie D., Bailey, Margaret B.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Consider a piston-cylinder assembly containing 10.0 kg of water. Initially, the gas has a pressure of 20.0 bar and occupies a volume of 1.0 m3. The system undergoes a reversible process in which it is compressed to 100 bar. The pressure volume relationship during this process is given by: PV1.5 = constant.
(a) What is the initial temperature?
(b) Calculate the work done during this process.
(c) Calculate the heat transferred during this process. (d) What is the final temperature?
A gas contained within a simple piston-cylinder assembly with a fixed piston mass, initially
at a volume of 0.3 m³, undergoes a quasi-equilibrium expansion at 1 bar to a final volume of
1 m³, while being slowly heated through the base. The change in internal energy of the gas is
0.85 kJ. The piston and cylinder walls are fabricated from heat-resistant materials for thermal
insulation, and the piston moves smoothly in the cylinder without friction. By taking the gas
as the system, (a) find the moving boundary work (W₁ = ₁² PdV) done by the gas, in kJ, and
(b) the heat transfer between the system and its surroundings, in kJ.
Water contained in a closed, rigid tank, initially at 100 lbf/in2, 800oF, is cooled to a final state where the pressure is 20 lbf/in2.Determine the quality at the final state and the change in specific entropy, in Btu/lb·oR, for the process.
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- A piston-cylindrical device contains 1 kg of air at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 100 kPa. Air is compressed to a state where the temperature is 460K and the pressure is 600KPa. during compression there is a heat transfer from the air to the surroundings equal to 20kj. Using the ideal gas model for air, determine the work during the process, in kJ.note: apply the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems. FOLLOW THE NEXT STEPS Step 1. Sketch/Paraphrase (Draw the sketch and process diagram if necessary) 2. Theoretical Concepts / Formulas (write down the concepts you are applying and theformulation that will help you solve the problem 3. Information (tables, data in the program, graphs) Assumptions (In the event that they arenecessary) 4.Development Solution (Pay special attention to the units shown and requested)arrow_forwardTHERMODYNAMICS A piston cylinder device contains a liquid-vapor mixture of water at 500K. During a constant pressure process, 700 KJ of heat is transferred to the water. As a result, part of the liquid in the cylinder vaporizes. Determine the entropy change of the water during this process A. 1.4 kJ/K B. 5.4 K/kg C. 0.7 K/kg D. 2.4 kJ/Karrow_forward2- 1 kg of water in a piston-cylinder assembly, T1 = 300 ° C, P1 = 200 kPa, passes a process to its final state at constant pressure T2 = 150 ° C by throwing heat from its initial state to the surrounding environment. At the end of this process, determine (a) Piston boundary work, (b) The amount of heat discharged from the piston to the surrounding environment, (c) The amount of entropy produced by the piston cylinder (d) The amount of entropy produced by the surrounding environment. (Take the piston cylinder surface temperature 150 ° C!)arrow_forward
- A rigid cylindrical tank stores 80 kg of a substance at 400 kPa and 480 K while the outside temperature is 290 K. A paddle wheel stirs the system transferring shaft work at a rate of 0.7 kW. At the same time an internal electrical resistance heater transfers electricity at the rate of 1.6 kW. A. Do an energy analysis to determine the rate of heat transfer for the tank. B. Determine the absolute value of the rate at which entropy leaves the internal system (at a uniform temperature of 480 K). Answer in kW/K C. Determine the rate of entropy increase in the system's surroundings. Answer in kW/Karrow_forwardWhen two systems are in contact, the entropy transfer from the warmer system is equal to the entropy transfer into the cooler one at the point of contact. That is, no entropy can be created or destroyed at the boundary since the boundary has no thickness and occupies no volume.arrow_forward1. 1 kg of propane contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a process from an initial state of Pi = 15 bar and X = 50% to a final state of P2 =4 bar, T2 = 24°C. The work done by the propane during the process is 50 kJ, and heat transfer to the surroundings occurs at a surface with an average temperature of 47°C. Kinetic and potential energy changes can be neglected. Determine the entropy production of the system (kJ/K).arrow_forward
- A system consisting of 3 lb of water vapor in a piston–cylinder assembly, initially at 350°F and a volume of 71.7 ft3, is expanded in a constant‐pressure process to a volume of 85.38 ft3. The system then is compressed isothermally to a final volume of 28.2 ft3. During the isothermal compression, energy transfer by work into the system is 72 Btu. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine the heat transfer, in Btu, for each process.arrow_forwardThermodynamics A Piston-Cylinder system initially contains R-134a refrigerant at a temperature of 2.8 bar and 40 C, and its initial volume is 0.1 m3. First, heat is transferred to the system by keeping the piston constant and this process is continued until the pressure is 3.2 bar. the process is maintained by allowing the volume to change. At the end of this process, the temperature reaches 50C. Assuming the state changes as if balanced, calculate the following: a)He amount of heat transferred during constant pressure operation b)Show the state changes on the P-v diagram.arrow_forwardA divider separates 1 lb mass of carbon monoxide (CO) from a thermal reservoir at 150o F. the carbon monoxide, initially at 60o F and 150 lbf/in2, expands isothermally to a final pressure of 10 lbf/in2 while receiving heat transfer through the divider from the reservoir. The carbon monoxide can be modeled as an ideal gas. (a) For the carbon monoxide as the system, evaluate the work and heat transfer, each in Btu and the amount of entropy produced, in Btu/oR. (b) Evaluate the entropy production, in Btu/oR, for an enlarged system that includesthe carbon monoxide and the divider, assuming the state of the divider remains unchanged. Compare with the entropy production of part (a) and comment on the difference.arrow_forward
- An ideal gas undergoes a process from state 1 ( the properties are T₁ = 300 K, p₁ = 100 kPa) to state 2 (the properties are T₂ = 600 K, p₂ = 500 kPa). The specific heats of the ideal gas are: c = 1 kJ/kg-K and c = 0.7 kJ/kg-K.. The change in specific entropy of the ideal gas to two decimal places)from state 1 to state 2 (in kJ/kg-K) is......arrow_forwardThe entropy change of a system can be negative, but the entropy generation cannot.arrow_forwardStarting from the 1st law of thermodynamics, prove that the change in the T₂ entropy of an ideal gas undergoing a process is equal to C, In + R In / T₁arrow_forward
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