EBK BASIC BIOMECHANICS
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100409455
Author: Hall
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 5AP
If the fibers of a pennate muscle are oriented at a 45° angle to a central tendon, how much tension is produced in the tendon when the muscle fibers contract with 150 N of force? (Answer: 106 N)
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ney:
Load (L) = 5 kgs
= Effort
E = Fulcrum
Weight of forearm = 1.8 kgs
L = Load
Biceps brachii
muscle
Distance of load from elbow joint = 35 cm
%3D
Effort (E) = contraction
of biceps brachii
Distance of center of mass of forearm from elbow = 17 cm
Distance of tendon from elbow = 4 cm
A) Draw the free-body diagram to represent the forces and moments
Load (L) = weight of
object plus forearm
B) Write the torque equation for static equilibrium
Fulcrum (F) = elbow joint
a) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as it was stretched progressively.
b) What effect does stretching the muscle have on contraction strength? Is this effect linear?
c) What stretch resulted in the highest contraction force? What happens to the muscle at the highest stretch levels?
Describe the relationship between the resting muscle length and the strength of its contraction. Hint: look at the length tension curve for skeletal muscle
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, bioengineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- describe the events that lead to muscle contraction starting at the level of the neuromuscular junction. Make sure to use the terms: myosin, actin, calcium, troponin, tropomyosin, T tubules, SR, myosin head, ATP.arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.arrow_forwardExplain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, including the following parts; thich (myosion) filaments, thin (actin) filaments, myosin heads, tropomyosin, troponin, ATP, active sites, calcium.arrow_forward
- The maximum amount of tension developed by a muscle fiber is when the sarcomeres are at their longest length. T/F + Justificationarrow_forward< The three main forces that act on the patella are shown on the diagram of the knee joint below. These forces are the quadriceps muscle force (FQ), the patella ligament force (FPL), and the patellofemoral joint reaction force (FPF). The angles a and ẞ are with respect to a line that is perpendicular to FPF. Assuming a = 15°, ẞ = 20°, and FQ = 3725 N, use equations for static equilibrium to calculate (a) FPL, and (b) FPF. (Hint: To solve this problem consider using a coordinate system that is aligned with the principal axes of the patella instead of the usual vertical and horizontal axes). (c) Many people assume FQ and FPL are always equal in magnitude but this is only true under certain circumstances. Under what conditions are FQ and FPL equal in magnitude? Fo FPF FP B GriffithUNIVERSITY Queensland Australiaarrow_forwardIf the muscle fiber is stretched to 150% of muscle length and thentechnically stimulated, what would be the total force measured?arrow_forward
- If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? hhharrow_forwardDraw a graph of the isometric force–length relationshipof striated muscle, indicating where maximal overlap betweenactin and myosin filaments occurs.arrow_forwardWhen discussing the hierarchy of skeletal muscle organization, the is the Highest level of organization and the the Smallest level of organization. O Fascicle : Muscle cell (AKA Myocyte, AKA myofiber) O Muscle belly: Muscle cell (AKA Myocyte, AKA myofiber) O Myofbril : Sarcomere O Sarcomere: Muscle belly O Muscle belly Sarcomere « Previous Next »arrow_forward
- Draw a graph of the force–shortening velocityrelationship of striated muscle.arrow_forwardHow does speed of muscle action affect the following relationships; force-velocity and force-power?arrow_forward(1) The reading for today (Lieber and Ward, 2011) and your textbook describe the length-tension relationship of muscle, which can be explained by the figure below. Describe physiologically what is happening to explain the length-tension relationship, as shown by this figure. (a) 120 maximum tension (%) 100 80 60- 40 20 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 active (3) passive 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 length (um)arrow_forward
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