LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 56.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which communities are defined by creating subsets of species and the type of community subset by which toads and frogs, in the ponds were defined, on Mount St. Helens.
Introduction:
The term “community” is often used in ecology to define a species group that live together at same time and place. Different communities interact in different ways, which infer a characteristic feature to that community. For example, a competitive interaction exists between two communities of a frog that feed on same types of insects.
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Chapter 56 Solutions
LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- we tested the intermediate disturbance hypothesis formed by Joseph O Connel in 1978. His hypothesis states that the highest levels of diversity might be found in areas with intermediate levels of disturbance. Why did O Connel think that this would be the case?arrow_forwardPond Animal Community B What is the diversity of Pond Animal Community B? O 0.2 0.32 Ⓒ 1.0 1.6arrow_forwardCompare the two communities based on the indices computed in the table. what environmental factors (biotic and/or abiotic) would most likely affect the differences between the two communities? i need more explanation pls do not copy from others or i will downvotearrow_forward
- The following is a matching question, below is text interepreted.Match each term to the best definition or description. ResiliencySpecies richnessBiodiversityGamma diversity words to match it with: number of species in an environment, considers number of habitats and total species number among them, combination of species richness and species eveness, same as species eveness, high probability of recovery to original state, high probability of disruption.If you do not understand the text based question, use the image below.arrow_forwardUse the data in the Table below to answer the following 4 questions. 1. Create a graph (label this as Figure 1) of species richness and species diversity over the study years. Upload your graph in the next question. 2. a) When was species richness lowest, and when was it highest? b)When was species diversity lowest, and when was it highest? 3. What is the effect of invasive species H on community structure in year 3 compared to year 8? 4. What is the overall impact of invasive species H on the species richness and species diversity of this community? TABLE Species Richness Species Diversity YEAR 3 3 0.995 YEAR 8 5 1.516 YEAR 12 5 1.351 YEAR 15 6 1.197arrow_forwardThe table shown below represents the number of species growing in an area that was logged using clear-cutting 45 years ago in Temagami, Ontario. Data was collected periodically over 45 years. a.) describe the changes occurring in vegetation type and species diversity over the 45 years b.) what does the pattern of change tell you about what is happening in this area? c.) Explain how the data supports your conculsion.arrow_forward
- I need help with this question pleasearrow_forwardName three factors that help determine the speciescomposition of a community.arrow_forwardChris is studying a pond on a nearby farm. If he is studying the distribution of organisms across the pond ecosystem, what kind of diversity is he looking for? species diversity Simpson's Index species evenness species richnessarrow_forward
- Ecology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community. Denoted as H, this index is calculated as: H = -Σpi * ln(pi) where: Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum” ln: Natural log pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species. The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community. Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as: EH = H / ln(S) where: H: The Shannon Diversity Index S: The total number of unique species What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community? What…arrow_forwardA(n) community is a group of species that occupy the same area. When studying the diversity of a group of species, ecologists use two measures: One is a count of the total number of species in the area, which is called The other is a measure of how common the species are, compared to each other, which is calledarrow_forwardWhy do we need several ways to measure species diversity? Why not just use species richness or evenness?arrow_forward
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