BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
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Textbook Question
Chapter 46, Problem 5U
Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction via the release of
a. Ca2+.
b. ATP.
c. acetylcholine.
d. hormones.
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Which statement(s) about human neuromuscular innervation is/are true?
A. A single spinal motor neuron innervates multiple muscle fibers.
B. The majority muscle fibers are innervated by two or more motor neurons.
C. Polyneuronal innervation of adult muscles fibers is possible, but rather rare.
D. Each spinal motor neuron innervates a single skeletal muscle fiber.
The contractile response in skeletal muscle
A. produces more work when the muscle contracts isometrically than the muscle contracts isotonically.
B. does not last as long as the action potential.
C. produces more tension when the muscle contracts isometrically than when the muscle contracts isotonically.
D. starts after the action potential is over.
E. decreases in magnitude with repeated stimulation.
A bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.
Chapter 46 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 46 - Exoskeletons and endoskeletons differ in that a....Ch. 46 - Worms use a hydrostatic skeleton to generate...Ch. 46 - Bone develops by one of two mechanisms depending...Ch. 46 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 46 - Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction via the...Ch. 46 - Prob. 6UCh. 46 - If you wanted to study the use of ATP during a...Ch. 46 - Place the following events in the correct order....Ch. 46 - You take X-rays of two individuals. Ray has been a...Ch. 46 - You have identified a calcium storage disease in...
Ch. 46 - How do the muscles move your hand through space?...Ch. 46 - How can osteocytes remain alive within bone? a....Ch. 46 - Swimming underwater using forelimbs for propulsion...Ch. 46 - If a drug inhibits the release of ACh, what will...Ch. 46 - Prob. 1SCh. 46 - Prob. 2SCh. 46 - The nerve gas methylphosphonofluoridic acid...Ch. 46 - If natural selection favors the evolution of wings...
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- The cross bridges of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of A. myelin. B. tropomyosin. C. myosin. D. actin. E. myoglobulin. F. troponin.arrow_forwardThe axon terminal releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, which is received by receptors on the motor end plate. Which structure does this describe? a. A sarcomere b. The thick filament c. The neuromuscular junction of a skeletal muscle d. A motor unit e. The varicosity of a smooth muscle cellarrow_forwardThe muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse. The activity of ________ helps to remove this neurotransmitter. a. myosin b. action potential c. tropomyosin d. acetylcholinesterasearrow_forward
- The fast fatigable motor units are used predominantly for which of the following activities? a. The action potentials fired by alpha motor neurons become slower. b. Slow twitch muscle fibers show increased myosin ATPase. c. Fast fatigable motor units are recruited before slow twitch motor units. d. None of the answers. e.All of the answers.arrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forwardMuscle tone is: a. the result of voluntary shortening of the muscle. b. the result of a small amount of involuntary activation of motor units by the nervous system. c. abnormal—a person’s muscles should be relaxed normally. d. present only where there is damage to the nervous system.arrow_forward
- Which of these statements concerning aging and skeletal muscle iscorrect?a. A loss of muscle fibers occurs with aging.b. Slow-twitch muscle fibers decrease in number faster than fast-twitchmuscle fibers.c. The loss of strength and speed is due mainly to loss of neuromuscular junctions.d. The density of capillaries in skeletal muscle increases.e. The number of motor neurons remains constant.arrow_forwardThe series-elastic component of muscle contraction is responsible for a.increased muscle shortening to successive twitches. b.a time delay between contraction and shortening. c.the lengthening of muscle after contraction has ceased. d.all of these.arrow_forwardBotulism toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions. What effect does this have on the muscle activity? a. Muscles will contract continuously. b. Muscles will contract sporadically, without conscious control. c. Muscles will not contract because they will not receive nerve stimulation. d. There will be no effect on muscle activityarrow_forward
- Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells because: a. They can respond to neurotransmitters.b. They are striated.c. They contain intercalated discs and gap junctions.d. They require calcium for contraction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? A. Muscle fibers either will contract with all the force possible under existing conditions or will not contract at all. B. Skeletal muscles can contract with varying degrees of strength given different circumstances. C. Muscle length does not have an effect on contractile strength. D. Metabolic condition of the myocyte does not have an effect on contractile strength.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that both types of muscle a. have cells that branch. b. contain intercalated discs. c. are under involuntary control. d. are striated.arrow_forward
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