Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44.1, Problem 1CC

The movement of salt from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP. Why?

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A fish swims from a body of cool water into a body of warm water. As its body temperature rises, its rate of O2 consumption increases. The warm water, however is likely to have a lower concentration of dissolved O2 than the cool water because the solubility of O2 in water decreases as temperature increases. These two factors taken together, an increase in the fish's rate of O2 consumption and  a decrease in the dissolved O2 concentration of its environmental water, can make it difficult for the fish to obtain enough O2 to meet its needs. The two factors can act as a two-pronged trap. Actually, however, the fish may face a three-pronged trap. How is the increase in temperature likely to affect the O2 affinity of the fish's hemoglobin, and how could the effect on hemoglobin add even further to the challenge the fish faces? Does global warming pose concerns of this sort?
Sharks live in marine (saltwater) habitats and are osmoconformers. Based on this information which of the following is/are true (select all that apply): A. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are isoosmotic relative to the environment  B. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are hypoosmotic relative to the environment       C. Sharks devote considerable energy to osmoregulation      D. Sharks do not devote much energy to osmoregulation
When our tissues are burning metabolic fuel they produce protons and carbon dioxide. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase uses water to convert most of the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. i) Describe the change of the blood carbon dioxide concentration of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? ii) How does this change in the blood carbon dioxide concentration impact the pH of the blood of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? iii) explain the chemical reasoning behind the impact on pH from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases).
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