Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41.3, Problem 1CSC
As Bolt s and Kimetto’s athletic feats attest, muscles can contract with amazing force. But sometimes they contract more than tendons can withstand. Achilles tendon injuries have sidelined a number of basketball stars including Kobe Bryant. Shaquille O'Neal, and Wesley Matthews as well as baseball star David Ortiz. Because tendons have a very limited Wood supply, recovery from a serious tear (tendon rupture) can take a full year, and elite athletes may never regain their former levels of performance. The Achilles tendon—the largest and strongest tendon in the body—attaches the calf muscles to the heel bone and is vulnerable to sudden muscle contractions, such as those that occur during running or jumping. This tendon flexes a hinge joint in the ankle. How do hinge joints work?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Muscle contraction can occur when: is it 1,2,3,4?
A bands lengthen.
myosin filaments shorten.
sarcomeres shorten.
I bands remain unchanged
Skeletal muscle will be released in its contracted (rigor) state when:
Group of answer choices
ATP is hydrolyzed into forming ADP and inorganic phosphate.
ATP binds to the myosin head.
ADP is dissociated from the myosin head.
ATP binds to the actin G-molecule.
Which of the following is NOT true of fast oxidative skeletal muscle fibers?
O All of the above describe fast oxidative muscle fibers
There muscle fibers are surrounded by a high number of capillaries
There muscle fibers contain many mitochondria
There fibers can be converted to slow oxidative fibers during periods of no
training
There is a high myoglobin content in these types of fibers
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 41.1 - The legs of champion sprinters like Usain Sort...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - As Bolt s and Kimettos athletic feats attest,...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2ACCh. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...
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- After death, a person no longer makes ATP, so calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. This result is rigor mortis----an unbreakable state of muscle contraction that stiffens the body for a few days until muscles begin to decay. Explain why this contraction occurs.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the abovearrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forward
- The _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction. a. myofibril b. sarcomere c. muscle fiber d. myosin filamentarrow_forwardWhy do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardYou are training athletes for the 100-meter dash. They need muscles specialized for speed and strength, not endurance. What muscle characteristics would your training regimen aim to develop? How would you alter it to train a long-distance swimmer?arrow_forward
- While Colette is researching weight lifting techniques, she finds contradictory information about the "best" way to build muscle. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle? O The speed of muscle contraction is not dependent on how fast the myosin heads split ATP. O Anaerobic exercise depends on oxygen. O Slow oxidative fibers have a low myoglobin content and are used for explosive muscle movements, like sprinting. O Fast glycolytic fibers are used for actions like weightlifting, fatigue very quickly, and have very little myoglobin content.arrow_forwardDuring sarcomere shortening myosin gets shorter actin gets shorter A-band gets shorter • H-zone gets shorter more than one of the above is correctarrow_forwardThe mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that the site of calcium binding differs ATP energizes the sliding process actin and myosin interact by the sliding filament mechanism the trigger for contraction is a rise in intracellular calcium the thick filaments have fewer myosin headsarrow_forward
- Fast-twitch muscle fibers have which of the following characteristics?a. fewer number of mitochondriab. rely on fermentation and creatine phosphate pathwaysc. are primarily anaerobicd. provide for a quick release of energye. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle cells have the ability to do all of the following EXCEPT _____. activating other muscle cells to contract producing force while shortening responding to chemicals released by nerve cells rebounding to their former length after being stretchedarrow_forwardWhich of the following features is common to Type 1 muscle fibers but not Type 2 muscle fibers? fast and powerful contraction has large blood supply and many mitochondria relies mostly on anaerobic respiration to generate ATP has low amounts of myoglobinarrow_forward
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