The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134059068
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 5VSC
Use the following questions to check your understanding of some of the many types of visual information used in astronomy. For additional practice, try the Chapter 4 Visual Quiz at MasteringAsrrononry®.
The figure above, based on figure 4.24, shows how the Moon causes tides on Earth. Note that the North Pole is in the center of the diagram, so the numbers 1 through 4 label points along Earth's equator.
5. The light blue ellipse represents tidal bulges. In what way are these bulges drawn inaccurately?
a. There should be only one bulge rather than two.
b. They should be aligned with the Sun rather than the Moon.
c. They should be much smaller compared to Earth.
d. They should be more pointy in shape.
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between a planet and its moon.
Procedure/Analysis:
Go to: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Circular-and-Satellite-
Motion/Gravitational-Fields/Gravitational-Fields-Interactive
Use the program to answer the following questions.
1. A planet and its moon are shown in the simulation window. Click and drag the
moon to various positions about the planet and observe the gravitational force
vector. In the diagram below, draw a force vector (arrow with arrowhead) to
depict the direction and relative magnitude of the force acting upon the moon at
the designated locations. Note: the size of the arrow should be representative of
the strength of the force.
Using Kepler's 3rd law solve the following problem. Show your work and highlight your answer.
In a distant star system there are many inhabitable planets. One of these planets is named Qomar. Qomar is 3.2 AU's from its star and takes 6.5 Earth years to go around its star once. There is another planet in the same star system called Ferenginar. Ferenginar is 0.9 AUs from the star. What is the length of a Ferengi year (on Ferenginar) in terms of Earth years?
Delay time for communication between GEO satellites and Earth.
Use the relationship between distance (d), time (t) and speed (v),
d = vt
to repeat the calculation we did in class, but this time using the English units. Use the fact that
GEO satellites orbit at 22,236 miles above Earth's equator, and that the speed of light is
1.86 x 105 mi/s. (Note that both of these values are equivalent to those used in class.) You
may want to write this calculation on paper and insert a photo here.
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- What I can do? A. Directions: Refer to the diagram below and brlefly answer the following questlons by supporting your answer with necessary concepts and Ideas. The planet shown in the drawing above obeys Kepler's Laws 1. At which lettered position is the planet speeding up? Why? 2. Each lettered position represents a particular day during the year. During which day (at which lettered position) will the planet move the shortest distance? Why?arrow_forwardLet's use Kepler's laws for the inner planets. Use the following distances from the sun to calculate the orbital period for each of these planets. Express your answer in terms of Earth years to two significant figures. Answer for the highlighted planet in each question. Note: Use Kepler's law directly. Don't just Google the answers, as they will be a little bit different. When you have calculated them, only submit the value for Earth. Planet Distance from the sun Period of orbit around the sun Earth 150 million km ___ Earth years Mercury 58 million km ___ Earth years Venus 108 million km ___ Earth years Mars 228 million km ___ Earth yearsarrow_forwardExplain what is meant by the distance ladder in astronomy. Describe briefly how each “rung” of the distance ladder is calibrated so that a reliable measure of distance can be obtained using each of the methods. State clearly the range of distances that can be measured by each method that makes up the distance ladder.arrow_forward
- The table below presents the semi-major axis (a) and Actual orbital period for all of the major planets in the solar system. Cube for each planet the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Then take the square root of this number to get the Calculated orbital period of each planet. Fill in the final row of data for each planet. Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law: Planet aau = Semi-Major Axis (AU) Actual Planet Calculated Planet Period (Yr) Period (Yr) __________ ______________________ ___________ ________________ Mercury 0.39 0.24 Venus 0.72 0.62 Earth 1.00 1.00 Mars 1.52 1.88 Jupiter…arrow_forwardTopic: Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion Show the following in your answer: A. Diagram B.Given Quantities C. Unknown Quantities D. Complete Solution E. Round answers to 2 decimal places F. Express answer with the correct units The Hubble space telescope orbits Earth with an orbital speed of 7.6×103m/s. A. Calculate its altitude above Earth's surface. B. What is its period?arrow_forwardInclude appropriate units in your final answer. Round off your final answer to two decimal places. Box your final answer. Follow the given formulas 3. The second hand of a large clock has a radial acceleration of 0.001 m/s². (a) How far is the point from the axis of rotation of the second hand? (b) What is the magnitude of the speed of the second hand? (Clue: Use T = 60 minutes).arrow_forward
- State the definition for a parsec, and derive its value in terms of As- tronomical Units. Convert your answer for the value of the distance of a parsec in Astronomical Units into light years. Be sure to include a large and clearly labeled diagram showing how you arrived at your conclusions. Be sure to show all work!arrow_forwardRead the questions comprehensively. Write your complete solution on the solution box and encircle or box the final answer. Don’t forget the SI unit.arrow_forwardhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com From The Physies Classroom's Physics Interactive 4. Drag the moon to various locations in order to determine the quantitative effect of distance upon the gravitational force. Examine the effect of doubling, tripling and quadrupling the distance of separation (as measured from planet's center). Consider the planet's surface to be a distance of one Earth-radius (1 R). Use the table at the right to record data for whole-number multiples of R Force (fictional units) Separation Distance 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6.R 7.R 8 R. 9•R 10 R 11.R 12 R Use your data to complete the following sentences. If the separation distance between the moon and the planet is .. a. .. increased by a factor of 2, then the F_ is by a factor of b. . increased by a factor of 3, then the F_ is by a factor of increased by a factor of 4, then the F_ is by a factor of C. 5. Now investigate the effect of varying masses upon the gravitational force between moon and planet. Use the sliders to alter…arrow_forward
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