Concept explainers
Mitochondria likely originated from
- a. archaea.
- b. invagination of the cell membrane.
- c. bacteria.
- d. chloroplasts.
Introduction:
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell which provides energy for all the cellular activities. Mitochondria are bounded by two membranes: the inner and outer membrane. Space between the two membranes is called the intermembrane compartment and space is filled with fluid is called the mitochondrial matrix.
Answer to Problem 1Q
Correct answer:
Mitochondria are believed to have originated from bacteria. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
Option (c) is given as “bacteria”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify the reason for the correct statement:
The bacteria, archaea,and eukaryotes all have evolved from different kind of cells. The precursor of eukaryotes and prokaryotes is known as “Last common ancestor” (LCA). Theory of endosymbiosis explains that a bacterial cell engulfed the descendent cell of LCA (pre eukaryotic) and became the permanent part of LCA cell serving as mitochondria. Later with time, this association gave rise to the formation of the first eukaryotic cell.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Justify the reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “archaea”.
Mitochondria did not originate from archaea. Archaea, bacteria and pre eukaryotic cells developed from the last common ancestor way before mitochondria were formed. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “invagination of the cell membrane”.
Mitochondria did not originate from invagination of membranes. Mitochondria originated from association of pre eukaryotic and bacterial cell. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “chloroplasts”.
Chloroplast and mitochondria are believed to have evolved by the endosymbiosis. The theory of endosymbiosis explains that some of the eukaryotic cell organelles were generated by the symbiosis between pre eukaryotic and bacterial cells. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a),(b), and(d) are incorrect.
Mitochondria is likely to have originated from the bacterial cell association with the pre eukaryotic cell.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
- Mitochondria most likely evolved from_______. a. a photosynthetic cyanobacterium b. cytoskeletal elements c. aerobic bacteria d. membrane proliferationarrow_forwardChloroplasts of green algae evolved from_____ . a. cyanobacteria b. archaea c. red algaearrow_forwardWhat characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts makes themdifferent from other organelles and suggests they were onceindependent organisms?a. They have a specialized function in the cell.b. They are surrounded by a membrane.c. They contain enzymes.d. They have their own DNA and ribosomes.arrow_forward
- A) single-cell organisms, Cyanobacteria B) mammal formed, fish, reptiles C) Cyanobacteria, single cell organisms D) multi-cellular, fish, amphibiansarrow_forwardWhich of the following are not eukaryotic? a. bacteria b. archaea c. protozoa d. both a and barrow_forwardWhich of the following consist of prokaryotic cells? a. bacteria and fungi b. archaea and fungi c. protists and animals d. bacteria and archaeaarrow_forward
- Bacteria that cause the disease typhus are close relatives of bacteria that evolved into _____. a. Protists b. Protocells c. chloroplasts d. mitochondria Among prokaryotes, only the cyanobacteria ______. a. Live near hydrothermal vents b. Produce oxygen during photosynthesis c. Cannot tolerate oxygen d. Have a nucleus-like structurearrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory explains the:a. origin of the first prokaryotic cells.b. origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes.c. evolutionary relationship between animals, plants, and fungi.d. method of reproduction in protists.arrow_forwardThe concept of endosymbiosis as applied to chloroplast and mitochondria found in eukaryotes: a) is based on evidence that Chloroplasts and Mitochondria were originally prokaryotes, b) changes present day animals into plants, c) explains how chemical evolution caused the appearance of life, d) allowed chloroplasts to carry out aerobic metabolism, e) all are true.arrow_forward
- Why do scientists believe that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts? A. because all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria but not all eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts B. because mitochondria are more efficient than chloroplasts C. because mitochondria live longer than chloroplasts D. because mitochondria are larger and stronger than chloroplasts Chrome OS Wienarrow_forwardHow did the evolution of oxygen-releasing photosynthesis in cyanobacteria increase the likelihood that mitochondria would one day evolve?arrow_forwardThe endosymbiont theory states that mitochondria andchloroplasts evolved from symbiotic relationshipsestablished between bacteria-like cells and theprecursors of eukaryotic cells that engulfed them on what basisarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning