A baseball pitcher with a 90-mi/h fastball throws a ball while standing on a railroad flatcar moving at 110 mi/h. The ball is thrown in the same direction as that of the velocity of the train. If you apply the Galilean velocity transformation equation to this situation, is the speed of the ball relative to the Earth (a) 90 mi/h, (b) 110 mi/h, (c) 20 mi/h, (d) 200 mi/h, or (e) impossible to determine?

A spaceship moves by Earth at 2.8×108 m/s. A satellite moves by Earth in the opposite direction at 1.3×108 m/s. Use the Galilean transformation to calculate the speed vsatellite,x of the satellite relative to the spaceship. vsatellite,x = ? m/s

A cosmic ray particle is released from an exploding star that is 2600 Light Years from Earth. If the particle traveled at 98% the speed of light, how far did it travel in its own frame of reference before hitting Earth?

Two events that happen at different positions x1 and x2 but at the same time t1 = t2, as measured in some reference frame, are said to be

Clark Kent (a.k.a. Superman) is standing in the doorway of the entrance to a 525-meter-long hallway. (Lc = 525 m) Suddenly, Barry Allen (a.k.a. The Flash) runs down the length of the hallway at high speed (only 28% of the speed of light), as measured by Clark. (p or vc% = 28%) (Remember: c = 0.3 m/ns)

An interstellar space probe is launched from Earth. After a brief period of acceleration, it moves with a constant velocity, 74.0% of the speed of light. Its nuclear-powered batteries supply the energy to keep its data transmitter active continuously. The batteries have a lifetime of 19.4 years as measured in a rest frame. Note that radio waves travel at the speed of light and fill the space between the probe and Earth at the time the battery fails. (a) How long do the batteries on the space probe last as measured by mission control on Earth? (Ignore the delay between the time the battery fails and the time mission control stops receiving the signal.) yr (b) How far is the probe from Earth when its batteries fail as measured by mission control? (Ignore the delay between the time the battery fails and the time mission control stops receiving the signal.) ly (c) How far is the probe from Earth as measured by its built-in trip odometer when its batteries fail? ly (d) For what total time…

A rocket is travelling from earth through space at a speed of 2.7x10^8m/s. The pilot measures the journey to take 240 minutes. How long does mission control on Earth think the flight lasted for?

A spaceship has a length of 20 meters at rest and accelerates to high speed. A person at rest on the ground observes that the spaceship has 12 meters. How fast (in x 108m/s) is the spaceship?

You pitch a baseball to your friend from the back of a pick-up truck. You know that you pitch at 40 m/s, but your friend reports that he caught the ball going 10 m/s. What is the speed of the truck? (Use Galilean/Newtonian relativity.

You are in a rocket moving away from Earth at one-third the speed of light relative to Earth. A friend is on Earth, and an astronaut in another rocket is moving toward Earth at one-third the speed of light (in the Earth reference frame), on a path collinear with your path. If each of you records the duration of your journey in your three respective reference frames, which of you records the proper time interval?