Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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What are three functions of the shoot apical meristem?
Examine an image of longitudinal section through a Coleus stem tip. Draw the apical meristem, leaf primordia (developing leaf), bud primordia (developing axillary buds), nodes, and internodes.
How many phytomeres are present in this preparation?
Beginning with the apical meristem, follow the development of shoot tissues. Label protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem, pith, and cortex. You will not be able to identify any mature cells or tissues in this slide (keep in mind the size of the shoot tip).What are the mature tissues that each of these primary meristems become?
Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiospermswith the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?
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- Describe each of the following types of specialized shoots. Be certain to account for modifications of the leaves, internodes, and orientation of growth: stolon, rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm, and tendril. Each provides a plant with a selective advantage. What is the adaptive value of each type of specialized shoot?arrow_forwardWhat are the major benefits of gravitropism for a germinating seedling?arrow_forwardIn the heart embryo stage of Arabidopsis thaliana, there are three key anatomical features that are essential for plant development. The red highlighted cells will become the the yellow highlighted cells will become the and the two "lobes" of the heart will become the suspensor; apical meristem; seed coat basal daughter cell; apical daughter cell; cotyledons shoot apical meristem; root apical meristem; taproots suspensor; shoot apical meristem; taproots root apical meristem; shoot apical meristem; cotyledonsarrow_forward
- Explain: Internally, cycad stems are similar to those of seed ferns— a thick cortex containing secretory ducts surrounds a small amount of manoxylic (parenchymatous) wood.arrow_forwardWhat promotes cell division and elongation in shoot?arrow_forwardShoot apical meristems make small groups of cells that protrude upward and develop into leaves. What are these small protrusions of cells called?arrow_forward
- Is this part of the shoot system or the root system? Explain its function and the scientific terms used to describe it.arrow_forwardThe three main parts of a typical mature eudicot seed are the _______ . a. pollen grain, egg, and seed coat b. embryo, endosperm, and seed coat c. megaspores, microspores, and ovule d. embryo, cotyledons, and seed coatarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. Auxin and gibberellin promote stem elongation b. Cytokinin promotes cell division in shoot tips c. Abscisic acid promotes water loss and dormancy d. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and abscission.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of a somatic embryo and a shoot grown directly from a leaf explant. Explain the differences between somatic and androgenic embryos.arrow_forward(a) Please describe the peripheral zone (PZ) genetic program maintains indeterminacy and allows the initiation of lateral primordia in shoot apical meristems. (b) Explain how this genetic program has been used in compound leavesarrow_forwardWhat are the different methods of fruit and seed dispersal? Describe each.arrow_forward
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