Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 11TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: Before the evolution of land plants how nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria could sustain recycling of nitrogen.
Concept introduction: Nitrogen recycling is a biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted to various chemical forms and gets circulated among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. Nitrogen cycle includes fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification processes of nitrogen. Nitrogen cycle is a main process by which nitrogen present in the earth’s atmosphere is converted to ammonia to make it available to living organisms.
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Ecology
Figure shows several chemicals that carry nitrogen up from the roots to the rest of the plant. What is the unusual feature of these chemicals that make them good carriers?
Plants make their own essential elements to complete their life cycle. We have figured out which elements are essential by using hydroponic culture, which involves growing plants in clay instead of soil. Micronutrients of plants include carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Plants only require a small amount of macronutrients which include zinc, copper, and iron.
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Chapter 37 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 37.1 - Explain how the phrase "too much of a good thing"...Ch. 37.1 - Some lawn mowers collect clippings. What is a...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How would adding clay to loamy soil...Ch. 37.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Note three ways the properties...Ch. 37.2 - Are some essential elements more important than...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? If an element increases the growth rate...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - How do soil bacteria and mycorrhizae contribute to...Ch. 37.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What is a general term that is...
Ch. 37.3 - WHAT IF? A peanut farmer finds that the older...Ch. 37 - How is soil a complex ecosystem?Ch. 37 - Do plants need soil to grow? Explain.Ch. 37 - Prob. 37.3CRCh. 37 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The inorganic...Ch. 37 - Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 37 - A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older...Ch. 37 - The greatest difference in health between two...Ch. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 37 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Acid precipitation has an...Ch. 37 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY In many...Ch. 37 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Many plants that produce nodules for nitrogen-fixing bacteria are common on disturbed sites. Explain how these plants might simultaneously compete with and facilitate other plant species.arrow_forwardA group of researchers wanted to determine how leaf herbivory and seed production of a legume plant (legumes are a family of plants which includes beans and lentils) were affected by the presence of its mutualistic rhizobia (a group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria). They designed an experiment with two treatments: (1) rhizobia absent and herbivores present and (2) rhizobia present and herbivores present. Provide two additional treatments and briefly explain how they would contribute to our understanding of the results of this experiment.arrow_forwardCollege students have conducted an experiment to determine the deficiency symptoms of tomato plants that is placed in a hydroponic solution. Each bottle out of the six bottles except for the positive control has lacked a certain micronutrient. In the positive control, all the nutrients were provided. However, the control setup showed symptoms of micronutrient deficiency unexpectedly. College students later found out that the room has a very high relative humidity and the transpiration was affected. Theoretically, how will the thermoregulation of tomato plants be affected of transpiration will not occur?arrow_forward
- The two pictures below are two soil profiles that typically form in under different types of vegetation, but can also occur relatively close together: 20 40 First, using morphological clues learned in lab, define what these two soil orders are. Be sure to indicate which soil is which (e.g., "the soil of the left is."). Then describe which CIORPT factor and which soil forming.process is probably most important in determining the difference between these two soil types are fairly close to one another?arrow_forwardThe loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist's data will indicate from this experiment? The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance. Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion. Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water. The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar…arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.arrow_forward
- The Flemish physician/plant physiologist Jan Baptista van Helmont was the first to publish his claim that the growth of plants (like willow trees) requires nutrition from which environmental source? water (a hydrogen-containing source which we now designate as H2O) sucrose (a carbon-containing source which we now designate as C12H22O11) ammonia (a nitrogen-containing source which we now designate as NH3) glucose (an oxygen-containing source which we now designate as C6H12O6) methane (a carbon-containing source which we now designate as CH4)arrow_forwardFigure 22.19 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? Nitrogen fixing bacteria exist on the root nodules of legumes and in the soil. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates (NO3 ) into nitrogen gas (N2). Ammonification is the process by which ammonium ion (NH4+) is released from decomposing organic compounds. Nitrification is the process by which nitrites (NO2-) are converted to ammonium ion (NH4+).arrow_forward1. Where did the droplets of water in a plant covered with a sealed cellophane? 2. In what form was this water given off by the plant covered by a sealed cellophane? 3. If plants need water, why do they lose it? 4. Why is transpiration an important part of the water cycle? 5. List at least three contributions of transpiration to plants. i hope you can answer everything. thank you so much!arrow_forward
- Climate monitoring demonstrates a continued increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Most scientists agree that this increased carbon dioxide will also lead to higher temperatures. a) How might future climate change affect metabolic pathways in plant populations? Explain. b) Biotechnologists are currently looking for ways to maintain food sources in climbing heat and carbon dioxide levels, particularly in developing countries. One such endeavor is to convert rice from a C3 to a C4 pathway to increase its photosynthetic efficiency. Will this actually increase its efficiency? Explain.arrow_forwardYou have to design a leaf that has been adapted to grown in a dry environment by limiting transpiration. In your design you have to include at least four (4) adaptations and explain how this adaptation will contribute to the plant’s ability to grow in these conditions.arrow_forwardDescribe the two metabolic pathways that plants use to assimilate N, whether the source is from symbiotic associations with rhizobial bacteria or from direct uptake of nitrate. Your answer must include the name of the primary enzyme involved in each metabolic pathway.arrow_forward
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