BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+INVEST.-CONNECT ACCESS
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260542233
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 33, Problem 5MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion are the parts of urine formation, which occurs in kidneys. The useful materials are retained by the body and the toxic substances are excreted out of the body in the form of urine, which is known as excretion.
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Water moves out of the filtrate of the descending limb of the nephronloop becausea. there is a high concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid.b. the cells of the descending limb are permeable to ions.c. the difference in the diameter of the arterioles creates a pressuregradient.d. there is a high concentration of solutes in the descending limb.
The function unique to the nephron loop is to a. regulate pH. b. excrete water. c. establish a concentration gradient in the medulla interstitial fluid. d. regulate the concentration of blood Ca2+.
Na+ ions are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Which of the following are sites of active Na+ ion transport in the nephron?
Select one:
a. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal tubule
b. Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, collecting duct
c. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
d. Collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle
e. Proximal tubule, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Chapter 33 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+INVEST.-CONNECT ACCESS
Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33.2 - What is osmoregulation, and why is it important?Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 33.5 - What three processes occur in urine formation?Ch. 33.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.5 - Describe the roles of antidiuretic hormone and...Ch. 33.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 33 - Which of the following components of glomerular...Ch. 33 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 33 - How does the kidney reduce the volume of urine to...Ch. 33 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 1PITCh. 33 - Prob. 2PITCh. 33 - Prob. 3PIT
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardwhich of the following correctly shows the order in which the filtrate moves through the structures of the nephron? a. proximal tubule - distal tubule - collecting duct - loop of Henle b. collecting duct - loop of Henle - proximal tubule - distal tubule c. distal tubule - loop of Henle - proximal tubule - collecting duct d. proximal tubule - loop of Henle - distal tubule - collecting ductarrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the nephron is false? a. The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule. b. The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. c. The loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. d. The loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule.arrow_forwardA pt was born with a rare genetic disorder in which the proximal tubules of her nephrons express half the number of aquaporins as normal. What will result? A. reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical? b. reduced reabsorption of water, Na+ and glucose in the proximal tubules? c. Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions? D. Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules.arrow_forward
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) can be regulated by individual nephrons..which of the following represent the structures that play a role in this "Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback" mechanism? 45. ies, that A. The Corpus-Callosum and the Macula Densa. B. The Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus C. The Supra-Bowmanic Recipricator D. The Osmotic Filament Feedback Modulearrow_forwardAll of the following statements about Juxtamedullary nephrons are correct EXCEPT their glomeruli lie in the renal medulla. a. b. are important in the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. C. Their loops of Henle dip deep into the medulla. d. they are not the predominant type of nephron found in human kidneys. Vasa recta.surround the tubule of the nephron. e.arrow_forwardthe descending loop of the nephron is permeable to ______ and impermeable to _____ a. Water, sodium b. potassium, sodium c. sodium, water d. Glucose, sodiumarrow_forward
- Glomerular filtration can be increased by which of the following? A. Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole B. Decreasing blood flow via afferent arteriole C. Decreasing arterial blood pressure D. Increasing blood flow via efferent arteriole The answer is (A) Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole. Please explain why it is not the other options (B,C,D)arrow_forwardWhich direction of movement correctly describes how the term "reabsorption" functions in the nephron? A. from the capillaries of the vasa recta into the renal tubule lumen B. from the collecting duct into the ureter C. from the renal artery into the collecting duct D. from the renal tubule lumen into the surrounding interstitial fluid E. from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulusarrow_forwardWhich of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? Select one: a. Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole b. An increase in osmotic pressure in the Bowman capsule c. A drop in colloid osmotic pressure d. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole e. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriolearrow_forward
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