FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS - EXTENDED
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781119773511
Author: Halliday
Publisher: WILEY
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In the figure, a beam of unpolarized light, with intensity 49 W/m2, is sent into a system of two polarizing sheets with polarizing directions at angles θ1 = 78˚ and θ2 = 90˚ to the y axis. What is the intensity of the light transmitted by the system?
In the figure, initially unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets whose polarizing directions make angles of θ1 = 55°, θ2 = 19°, and θ3 = 47° with the direction of the y axis. What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the system?
In the figure, initially unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets whose polarizing directions make angles of 8₁ =
82 83 57° with the direction of the y axis. What percentage of the initial intensity is transmitted by the system? (Hint: Be careful
with the angles.)
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- In Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of the left and right polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other. Also, let the center disk be rotated on the common axis with an angular speed . Show that if unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with an intensity Imax, the intensity of the beam emerging from the right disk is I=116Imax(1cos4t) This result means that the intensity of the emerging beam is modulated at a rate four times the rate of rotation of the center disk. Suggestion: Use the trigonometric identities cos2=12(1+cos2) and sin2=12(1cos2). Figure P37.52arrow_forwardA linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50 cm is directed along the positive x axis. The electric field vector has a maximum value of 175 V/m and vibrates in the xy plane. Assuming the magnetic field component of the wave can be written in the form B = Bmax sin (kx t), give values for (a) Bmax, (b) k, and (c) . (d) Determine in which plane the magnetic field vector vibrates. (e) Calculate the average value of the Poynting vector for this wave. (f) If this wave were directed at normal incidence onto a perfectly reflecting sheet, what radiation pressure would it exert? (g) What acceleration would be imparted to a 500-g sheet (perfectly reflecting and at normal incidence) with dimensions of 1.00 m 0.750 m?arrow_forwardThe transmission axes of two polarizing sheets are initially parallel. Through what angle must the second sheet be rotated so that the intensity of the transmitted light is 12.5 % of the intensity of the incident unpolarized light?arrow_forward
- Two polarizing sheets, one directly above the other, transmit p% of the initially unpolarized light that is perpendicularly incident on the top sheet.What is the angle between the polarizing directions of the two sheets?arrow_forwardA beam of light polarized along the y axis and moving along the +z axis passes through two polarized sheets with axes of polarization oriented 30◦ and 70◦ relatives to the y axis. The final intensity of the beam is measured to be 61 W/m2. What is the initial beam intensity? Express your answer to the nearest W/m2.arrow_forwardAn unpolarized light with an initial intensity of ?0 is incident on two polarizers.What must be the angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers for the intensity of light to be 3/8 of ?0 after passing through the second polarizer?arrow_forward
- A clear sheet of polarizing material is placed on top of a second, similar sheet so that their polarizing axes make an angle o = (5.45x10^1)° with each other. What is the ratio of the intensity of emerging light to incident unpolarized light? Express your answer with three significant figures.arrow_forwardIn the figure, unpolarized light with an intensity of 24.0 W/m2 is sent into a system of four polarizing sheets with polarizing directions at angles θ1 = 40.0˚, θ2 = 20.0˚, θ3 = 20.0˚, and θ4 = 30.0˚, What is the intensity of the light that emerges from the system?arrow_forwardUnpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets. The angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 of the polarizing directions is measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis. Angles θ1 and θ3 are fixed, but angle θ2 can be varied. The figure gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of θ2. (a) From the intensity plot, what are the possible orientations of the first and third polarizers? Draw a sketch of the situation. (b) What percentage of the light’s initial intensity is transmitted by the three-sheet system when θ2 = 90°? Answer: 7.3%arrow_forward
- Pleasearrow_forwardA system of three polarizing sheets intercepts a beam of initially unpolarized light. The polarizing direction of the first sheet is parallel to the y-axis, that of the second sheet is at an angle of 0 counterclockwise from the y-axis and that of the third sheet is parallel to the x-axis. The intensity of light emerging from the three-sheet system is 11.52% of the original intensity Io. Determine the angle 0. In which direction is the emerging light polarized?arrow_forwardA teacher does a demonstration using an overhead projector (I = 1810 lm; units are lumens) and three polarizing discs. She places the first disc directly on the overhead machine, a second disc with its axis of polarization completely aligned with the first, and the third with its axis of polarization of 54 degrees counterclockwise to the second. Calculate the intensity of the light that emerges from the third disc.arrow_forward
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