Before 1700, wolves roamed over almost all of North America; coyotes were found mostly west of the Mississippi. White-tailed deer lived throughout the eastern half of the continent. In the eastern United States, most of the land was covered with coniferous or deciduous forests. When Europeans arrived, they cleared most of the forests, planted crops, raised livestock, and exterminated the wolves. Based on what you have learned in this chapter and its Case Study, what do you think happened to the populations of coyotes and white-tailed deer between 1700 and now. in terms of their range and abundance, and to the types of vegetation in much of the eastern states (outside of cities, suburbs, and farms)? Why?
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Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
- Wildebeest are species of antelope found in southern Africa. The wildebeest herd in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, is the largest herbivore herd on Earth. Scientists began monitoring the sizes of the Serengeti's large mammal populations in the 1960s. Over the next few decades, they noticed something unusual: the wildebeest population was increasing at a rate much faster than before. The scientists determined that this increase was due to several factors. One factor was a vaccination program that eradicated rinderpest, a viral disease that kills wildebeest. Based on the figure, what kind of population growth model would you use to represent wildebeest (circles) populations? wildebeest zebra 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 year Figure 1. Wildebeest and zebra populations in the Serengeti from the 1950s to 2010. vaccination campaign 00000L 000000 000009 000007 populationarrow_forwardHow can you know what happened millions of years ago if no one was there to see it Explainarrow_forwardWhen a population of organisms is evolving, what can you be sure is happening? a. No change is occurring b. It is improving c. It is becoming more human-like d. It is changingarrow_forward
- O Villay Use the passage to answer the question. Mule Deer A) In a short paragraph, propose a hypothesis to test the effect of a zoned reserve on mule deer populations. Justify your hypothesis based on your This image shows a male mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), which is native to western North America. Named for their large ears, mule knowledge of zoned reserves. deer are hunted for sport and food under strict management B) In 1-2 short paragraphs, outline a field experiment to test your hypothesis on the effect of a zoned reserve on mule deer populations. Describe your control group, experimental group, and the data you would collect. Identify at least two environmental factors that could affect your data collection and practices, such as designated hunting seasons and limits on how many deer a hunter can take. Imagine a scenario where the local mule deer population has declined after a harsh winter. Wildlife management agencies have how you would address them, if possible. proposed…arrow_forwardMule Deer Use the passage to answer the question. This image shows a male mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), which is native to western North America. Named for their large ears, mule deer are hunted for sport and food under strict management practices, such as designated hunting seasons and limits on how many deer a hunter can take. A) In a short paragraph, propose a hypothesis to test the effect of a zoned reserve on mule deer populations. Justify your hypothesis based on your knowledge of zoned reserves. B) In 1-2 short paragraphs, outline a field experiment to test your hypothesis on the effect of a zoned reserve on mule deer populations. Describe your control group, experimental group, and the data you would collect. Identify at least two environmental factors that could affect your data collection and how you would address them, if possible.arrow_forwardChanging conditions put intense pressure on organisms-some of which become extinct. For example, of the original 62 species of honeycreeper found in Hawaii only 18 remain. Scientists have the technologies that may allow bringing back organisms that have become extinct. This brings up ethical questions about the cost/benefit of resurrecting extinct species and whether it is the right thing to do. Joseph Bennett, a professor of biology at Carleton University in Ontario, wanted to determine the cost of resurrecting and maintaining an extinct species. Since the up-front cost of resurrecting an extinct species is very difficult to determine, the researchers decided instead to look at the cost of reintroducing and protecting a resurrected organism in the wild. To accomplish this, the researchers considered 70 animals from New Zealand and 29 animals from New South Wales that went extinct within the last 1,000 years. From this list, they chose 11 New Zealand species and five NSW species that…arrow_forward
- Now, let's investigate growth in another population: bedbugs! Let's say a college in Kentucky experienced a bedbug infestation, and biology students were asked to help study the problem. Bedbugs are insects that live inside of mattresses (and other similarly warm places) and feed on the blood of sleeping humans. The origin of the bedbug infestation was traced to a student who accidentally brought a few bedbugs in his luggage, after spending a long weekend in New York City. Bedbugs reproduce sexually. In an infested room with a 4 m2 dorm bed, biology students find a population of 1200 bed bugs. In one month, they find that 240 bedbugs die, and 600 new bedbugs hatch. The maximum number of bedbugs is limited by the size of the bed that they live in. What is the density of bedbugs in the dorm bed studied by the biology students? (Explain)arrow_forwardName three ways that humans have affected life on Earth.?arrow_forwardYou are watching a documentary on television about grizzly bears in North America. The narrator is speaking over a clip of two cubs and their mother walking along a riverbank in a heavily wooded forest. She says that grizzly bear populations are rising for the first time in several decades even though deforestation is still a growing problem in North America. Which of the following could be a possible factor for the increase in the grizzly population? Loss of habitat Reduction of resources Increased industrialization Higher birth rate over death ratearrow_forward
- If populations of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) continue to decline, one approach to prevent extinction would be captive breeding. How does this process work? a. The remaining animals are moved into captivity to try to increase the population, after which they are reintroduced into the wild. b. The remaining animals are moved to a national park. c. The remaining animals are taken to the largest zoos so more people can see them. d. A few individuals are moved to an outdoor enclosure to ensure that mates are available.arrow_forwardThe human population is over 7 billion, and yet estimates of its genetic diversity indicate a population closer to 50 000. What could account for that discrepancy? a. industrial farming b. habitat loss c. the population is reaching carrying capacity d. an historical genetic bottleneckarrow_forwardThere are six species of animals in an area at the end of Thunder Bay. The area is wooded land covering rolling hills with two small rivers. Most of the area is surrounded by farm land where people have sheep and cows. There are three roads in the area, one of which leads to an expanding subdivision. a) Chose the species you believe to be most likely to become endangered and the species you believe to be least likely to become endangered. Compare and contrast these two species to explain your decision b) Which two species do you think would be most likely to exhibit a competitive relationship? c) Explain two density-dependent factors that may affect population P in this area d) Explain two density-independent factors that may affect population P in this areaarrow_forward
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