Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31.1, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? If a plant has the double mutation ctr and ein, what is its triple-response
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. In a certain plant, the flower petals are normally purple.Two recessive mutations arise in separate plants and arefound to be on different chromosomes. Mutation 1 (m1)gives blue petals when homozygous (m1/m1). Mutation2 (m2) gives red petals when homozygous (m2/m2).Biochemists working on the synthesis of flower pigments in this species have already described the following pathway:colorless (white)compoundblue pigmentred pigmentenzyme Aenzyme Ba. Which mutant would you expect to be deficient inenzyme A activity?b. A plant has the genotype M1/m1 ; M2/m2. Whatwould you expect its phenotype to be?c. If the plant in part b is selfed, what colors of progenywould you expect and in what proportions?d. Why are these mutants recessive?
Let’s suppose a researcher was interested in the effects of mutationson the expression of a protein-encoding gene for a proteinthat is 472 amino acids in length. This protein is expressed in leafcells of Arabidopsis thaliana. It has a molecular mass of approximately56,640 Da. Make a drawing that shows the expected resultsof a Western blot using proteins isolated from the leaf cells thatwere obtained from the following plants:Lane 1. A plant homozygous for a nonmutant geneLane 2. A plant homozygous for a deletion that removes the promoterfor this geneLane 3. A heterozygous plant in which one gene is nonmutant andthe other gene has a mutation that introduces an early stop codon atcodon 112Lane 4. A plant homozygous for a mutation that introduces anearly stop codon at codon 112Lane 5. A plant homozygous for a mutation that changes codon108 from a phenylalanine codon into a leucine codon
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Chapter 31 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.1 - WHAT IF? If a plant has the double mutation ctr...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 31.2 - If an enzyme in field-grown soybean leaves is most...Ch. 31.2 - WHAT IF? If a plant flowers in a controlled...Ch. 31.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Plants detect the quality of...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 31.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 31.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 31.4 - Chewing insects mechanically damage plants and...Ch. 31.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 31 - The hormone that helps plants respond to drought...Ch. 31 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 31 - DRAW IT Indicate the response of Arabidopsis to...Ch. 31 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 31 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION As a general rule,...Ch. 31 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 31 - Prob. 11TYU
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- True or false? wild type fast plants propagate mostly via self pollination transfected beta-galactosidase requires antibiotics to be expressed properly. the bradford assay allows you to determine the concentration of proteins produced fromtransfected DNAarrow_forward1a.Discovery of genes controlling Gibberellic Acid (GA) synthesis and perception became very important during the Green Revolution, and remain important today. Why? Select one: a. Mutants with reduced GA levels are dwarfs. Many dwarf plants were important for the Green Revolution because the shorter plants can invest more energy into economically important parts like seeds (instead of stem length). b. Mutants with reduced GA levels are more resistant to herbivore damage (like caterpillars), increasing plant yields. c. Mutants with reduced GA levels allowed farmers to control fruit ripening more accurately. d. Mutants with reduced GA levels have increased photosynthesis 1b. What features are important for overall plant form? Select one: a. Iterative development and capillary action b. Iterative development and apical dominance c. Apical dominance and stomatal conductance d. Phyllotaxis and capillary actionarrow_forward4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3'...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5’ promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above). ii. Mutant B has a 2 G/C pairs inserted between position 19 and 20 (position denoted by the ^ in the sequence above).arrow_forward
- helparrow_forwardYour identify a number of mutants and start to characterize the problems in their mismatch repair mechanisms. Based on the following initial results of your experiments, predict which mismatch repair protein(s) is mutated in each mutant. (Your experiments tells you what mismatches are being left unfixed.) Mutant 1: Still contains mismatches where G binds to T and T binds to G Mutant 2: Roughly one half of all mismatches remain. Mutant 3: All mutations remain, but you find that no mismatch repair proteins are non-functional. Mutant 4: All mutations remain, and you find increased MutL-MutS complexes bound to the DNA.arrow_forwardYou identify an auxotroph that doesn't grow in normal medium, but does grow in medium supplemented with Q, indicating that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in this pathway. This auxotroph is also able to grow if you supplement the medium with D. Does this data support the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? a yes, because only one enzyme is disrupted by the mutation b yes, because only one enzyme in the pathway is functional in the mutant strain c no, because multiple enzymes in the pathway could be functional in the mutant strain d no, because multiple enzymes could be disrupted by the mutationarrow_forward
- Did your mutation actually disrupt binding? Please choose the best explanation based on what you calculated above. No, because the affinity for the mutant is higher than the affinity for the wild type. Yes, because the affinity for the mutant is lower than the affinity for the wild type. No, because the affinity for the mutant is lower than the affinity for the wild type. Yes, because the affinity for the mutant is higher than the affinity for the wild type.arrow_forward10:25 Name_ Bio320 What is lignin and its role in plants? Why can reducing the amount of lignin in trees enhance the efficiency of cellulostic-ethanol production? Why can't trees be genetically engineered without any lignin at all? 5Gº Why are transgenic approaches rather than traditional breeding being used to create trees with altered levels of lignin? Where can you find the only company in the USA that makes transgenic trees that are found in forests? Go to this company's website. What type of endangered tree are they trying to survive? AA moodle22-23.coastal.eduarrow_forwardWhy is the DNA yield higher from 1g of strawberry compared to 1g of Arabidopsis leaves when both are homogenised by hand?arrow_forward
- Can you solve all the parts to this question please a) What is the role of the LEAFY gene in floral development? (b) What is the phenotype of the leafy mutant? (c) Most of the ABC program genes are directly regulated by the transcription factor LEAFY (LFY). Still, LFY is expressed broadly throughout the floral meristem when the discrete A, B, and C domains are established. Discuss how this single broadly expressed transcription factor can generate distinct domains of ABC gene expression. Feel free to use diagrams.arrow_forwardGive one chromosome and show its value after mutation - 8 Quean problemarrow_forwardYeast cells are grown with galactose as the sole carbon source and ATP levels are abundant. Describe and diagram how GAL1 gene expression will be changed (or unchanged) in 1) a ΔGal3 mutant and 2) a ΔGal4 mutant in comparison to WT. (Δ is a symbol for deletion.) WT: ΔGal3: ΔGal4:arrow_forward
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