Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781133603184
Author: Frances Sizer, Ellie Whitney
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 3SC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In the multicellular organism, there are two types of fluids generally found such as intracellular and extracellular fluids. Intracellular fluids are found inside the body cells of the body, extracellular are the fluids, which are found in outside the body cells and hence it refers to the internal environment of the multicellular organisms.
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The process that allows waste to enter capillaries and therefore exit the tissue-bed is:
a. Capillary reabsorption
b. Capillary filtration
c. Cellular metabolism
d. Genetic mutation
6.
What happens in the tissues of this structure
as a result of a lower than normal
of plasma proteins in the
concentration
blood?
Select one:
a. Fluid is lost from the tissues due to a
decrease in osmotic pressure.
b. Fluid is lost from the tissues due to a
decrease in blood pressure.
c. Fluid accumulates in the tissues due to a
decrease in blood pressure.
d. Fluid accumulates in the tissues due to a
decrease in osmotic pressure.
Which of the following is/are function(s) of angiotensin II?
a.
Increases blood pressure
b.
Vasoconstriction
c.
Increases heart rate
d.
Increases thirst
Chapter 3 Solutions
Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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- If a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes Select one: a. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. b. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid. c. water to stay inside the capillaries. d. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output. e. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries.arrow_forwardThe sensation of thirst increases whena. the levels of angiotensin II increase.b. the osmolality of the blood decreases.c. blood pressure increases.d. renin secretion decreases.arrow_forwardWhich type of material is NOT transported by the blood? Select one: a. Blood gases b. Neurotransmitters c. Hormones d. Lactate e. Nutrientsarrow_forward
- In response to a decrease in blood pressurea. more fluid than normal enters the tissues (fluid shift mechanism).b. smooth muscles in blood vessels relax (stress-relaxation response).c. the kidneys retain more salts and water than normal.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the major site of conversion of angiotensin l to angiotensin ll. a. Adrenal glands b. Kidneys c.liver d- lungs e- spleearrow_forwardThe blood cells and fibrinogen was detected in the urine of 35-year-old woman with kidney disease. It was probably associated with the renal filter function. What is the structural composition of this filter? a. Endothelium of capillaries, basement membrane O b. Endothelium, podocytes c. Podocytes, basement membrane d. Three-layer basement membrane e. Endothelium of glomerular capillaries, three-layered basement membrane, podocytesarrow_forward
- Many caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks have diuretic effects on the body. Why do caffeinated beverages increase the volume of urine? Select one: a. Caffeine increases ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. b. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. c. Caffeine increases ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. d. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.arrow_forwardWater-soluble molecules of the blood plasma move across the bloodbrain barrier bya. diffusion. d. symport.b. endocytosis. e. filtration.c. exocytosisarrow_forwardPressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for: A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartmentsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning the pathways for blood clotting?a. The intrinsic pathway takes less time than the extrinsic pathway.b. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways require sodium.c. The intrinsic pathway is started by factors from damaged tissues.d. The intrinsic pathway requires the same clotting factors as the extrinsic pathway.e. The common pathway results in fibrin changing to fibrinogenarrow_forwardIf an individual has decreased saliva production, increased blood osmotic pressure, decreased blood volume, and decreased blood pressure, he or she is experiencing a. edema. b. dehydration. c. hypotonic hydration. d. acidosis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following functions pertain(s) to blood?a. Transport oxygen.b. Transport amino acids.c. Form clots to prevent loss.d. Transport heat.e. Deliver water to and take in water from the tissues.arrow_forward
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