A boat is heading due east at speed v when passengers onboardspot a dolphin swimming due north away from them, relativeto their moving boat. Which of the following must be true ofthe dolphin’s motion relative to a stationary observer floatingin the water (choose one)? The dolphin is (a) heading southof east at a speed greater than v, (b) heading south of west at aspeed less than v, (c) heading north of east at a speed greaterthan v, or (d) heading north of west at a speed less than v.

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Relative Velocity

It is a measurement of an object with regards to the other object which is moving or stable or stationary. For example, if we are traveling in a bus and the bus is moving at speed of 50km/hr, then our speed is according to the nearby passenger on the bus is zero. According to them, we are not moving. But if one person standing on the ground or road observes us from outside of the bus, according to him we are moving at a speed of 50km/hr and the bus is also moving at a speed of 50km/hr. Now, the motion is recognized by the observer, it depends on a frame of reference or observer. This is motion called relative motion.