ANATONY&PHYSIOLOGY LL TEXT+CONNECT>BI<
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266014420
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 27, Problem 6DYKB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Nutrients are the complex
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Lipoic Acid is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called Lipoamide
A patient diagnosed with lipoic acid deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids. On the following list, highlight the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a lipoic acid deficiency?
Note: There may be more than one.
Isocitrate
Pyruvate
Succinate
α-ketoglutarate
Malate
Fumarate
Briefly explain.
The energy for the production of ATP comes from the breakdown of a glucose molecule via
many enzyme-mediated chemical reactions occurring at several distinct stages of cellular
respiration. During this time, the chemical energy stored in glucose is continually trans-
ferred across these reactions.
Which of the following describes the form in which most of the energy from the glucose
molecule is stored just before the oxidative phosphorylation stage in aerobic cellular
respiration?
A
B
с
D
acetyl CoA
FADH 2
NADH
pyruvate
Thiamine is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP.
A patient diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids. On the following list, circle the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a thiamine deficiency?
Note: There may be more than one.
Isocitrate
Pyruvate
Succinate
α-ketoglutarate
Malate
Fumarate
(b) Provide a brief explanation for your answer to 1 (a) here
Chapter 27 Solutions
ANATONY&PHYSIOLOGY LL TEXT+CONNECT>BI<
Ch. 27.1 - List the six nutrients required by the body.Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3WDYLCh. 27.2 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 27.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 27.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 27.2 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 27.2 - How may a vegetarian obtain all of the essential...Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 27.3 - What are the major minerals? The trace minerals?...
Ch. 27.4 - What categories of food are shown on the USDA...Ch. 27.4 - What is the purpose of the requirement for...Ch. 27.5 - Prob. 13WDYLCh. 27.5 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 27.6 - Prob. 15WDYLCh. 27.6 - Prob. 16WDYLCh. 27.6 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 27.6 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 27.7 - Where in the biochemical pathway of cellular...Ch. 27.7 - How is excess sugar (glucose) converted to fat...Ch. 27.8 - Prob. 21WDYLCh. 27.8 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 27.8 - Prob. 23WDYLCh. 27 - _____ 1. Which of the following is a nutrient? a....Ch. 27 - Prob. 2DYKBCh. 27 - _____ 3. What is the major macronutrient in a...Ch. 27 - _____ 4. During the absorptive state a. blood...Ch. 27 - _____ 5. When the pancreas releases insulin, it...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6DYKBCh. 27 - _____ 7. Which of the following conditions is not...Ch. 27 - _____ 8. Total metabolic rate increases under...Ch. 27 - _____ 9. All of the following are functions of the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 10DYKBCh. 27 - Define nutrition.Ch. 27 - Prob. 12DYKBCh. 27 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 27 - Prob. 14DYKBCh. 27 - Define minerals, and give examples of their...Ch. 27 - Define nitrogen balance, and compare positive...Ch. 27 - Define the postabsorptive state. What is the major...Ch. 27 - Explain the function of the liver in the transport...Ch. 27 - Prob. 19DYKBCh. 27 - Prob. 20DYKBCh. 27 - An individual has recently adopted a vegetarian...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2CALCh. 27 - Prob. 3CALCh. 27 - Prob. 4CALCh. 27 - Prob. 5CALCh. 27 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 27 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 27 - Prob. 3CSL
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- The complete oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate derived from free glucose yields 30 molecules ATP, whereas the complete oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate derived from glycogen yields 31 molecules of ATP. Account for this difference.arrow_forwardTrue False Glucose oxidase can be used in determining glucose in the blood and urine Regardless of the distance between the enzyme and substrate, they will bind. Lipase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas that breakdown peptide bonds between the oxygen molecules of glycerol and the hydroxyl molecules of fatty acids. Coenzymes are organic substances, while cofactors are inorganic. L-Amino-acid oxidase will catalyze reactions of D (-) - glycine. Redox reaction via oxidoreductase is still possible with one reactant only. The apoenzyme is the protein part of the enzyme, which is enzymatically inactive without cofactors. Lack of enzymes will lead to block in metabolic pathways causing inborn errors of metabolism Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of chemical bonds. Ribozymes are catalytically active RNA molecules or RNA-protein complexesarrow_forwardPhosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is one of the most regulated enzymes in metabolism. Based on all of the principles we have learned in this class, which of the following would be most likely to be an allosteric activator of PFK-1? a Pyruvate b Acetyl CoA c Citric acid d glucosearrow_forward
- Which of the following monosaccharide phosphates is NOT produced in the pentose phosphate pathway? O seduheptulose-7-phosphate O mannose-6-phosphate O ribose-5-phosphate O erythrose-4-phosphatearrow_forwardYears ago there was interest in using uncouplers such as dinitrophenol asweight control agents. Presumably, fat could be oxidized without concomitant ATP synthesis for re-formation of fat or carbohydrate. Why was this a bad (i.e., fatal) idea?arrow_forwardWhy does the lack of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in the brain and muscle make good physiological sense? Glucose 6-phosphatase allows cells to trap glucose in the cell; however, these tissues primarily rely on noncarbohydrate energy sources. Glucose 6-phosphatase allows cells to generate glucose through gluconeogenesis; however, gluconeogenesis only takes place in the liver. Glucose 6-phosphatase allows cells to release glucose into the blood; however, these tissues should never release glucose. Glucose 6-phosphatase provides glucose 6-phosphate for glycogen synthesis; however, these tissues do not need glycogen.arrow_forward
- Fructose is a labeled on its anomeric carbon with 14C. This labeled fructose is added to muscle cells under anaerobic glycolytic conditions, and the secreted lactate is collected. Which carbon in the secreted lactate (shown below) contains the 14C label? دیده OH Carbon 2 Carbon 1 Carbon 3 No carbon contains the label.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE: NAD most commonly oxidizes carbon – oxygen bonds NADH is the most common biochemical reducing agent FAD contains ribitol as part of its molecular structure Pantothenate is part of the Vitamin B12 structure. Vitamin D is involved with blood coagulation. People on a vegan diet usually require Vitamin B12 supplementation Transcription factors are one means of regulating metabolic processesarrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules controls the metabolic flow through both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? fructose-2,6-bisphosphate O pyruvate O 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate O Glucose-6-phosphate O lactic acid O citrate Which of the following enzymes plays a role in controlling the the half-life of CGMP? O CGMP phosphodiesterase O CGMP phosphatase O CGMP half-life controlling enzyme O CGMP kinase O CGMP phosphorylasearrow_forward
- TPI deficiency is a rare human condition. Patients who lack TPI cannot convert the triose dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.What happens to glycolysis in TPI patients?TPI patients suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia (abnormal breakdown of red blood cells) and have variable neuromuscular dysfunctions, including muscle weakness, poor muscle tone, and atrophy. Most die of respiratory failure during childhood. Explain why TPI-deficient patients exhibit these conditions using the diagram to justify your answer. TPI is enzyme 5.G6PD deficiency is one of the most common human genetic conditions, affecting about 40 million people worldwide. Patients suffer from hemolytic anemia when exposed to certain drugs, viral or bacterial disease, or fava beans.arrow_forwardAlpha-ketoglutarate is produced in which central metabolic pathway?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are true about oxaloacetate? It can cross mitochondrial membranes It is an intermediary in the synthesis of glucose from glycerol It is a lipid › It is an intermediary in glycolysis It is an intermediary in the synthesis of glucose from lactatearrow_forward
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