(a)
Interpretation:
The main products of mononitration of chlorobenzene should be predicted.
Concept introduction:
The electrophilic aromatic substitution is the type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom of the
The nitration takes place in the presence of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. In this reaction, the protonation of nitric acid occurs in order to produce the nitronium ion.
The activating groups are the groups that have the ability to donate the electron density to the benzene ring. The deactivating groups are the groups that have the ability to withdraw the electron density to the benzene ring. The ortho and para directing groups are the activating groups while meta directing groups are deactivating groups.
The different positions with respect to group
(b)
Interpretation:
The main products of monosulfonation of nitrobenzene should be predicted.
Concept introduction:
The electrophilic aromatic substitution is the type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom of the aromatic compound. Sulphonation is an example of such a reaction.
The sulfonation takes place in the presence of sulphuric acid. In this reaction, sulfur trioxide is formed that acts as an electrophile.
The activating groups are the groups that have the ability to donate the electron density to the benzene ring. The deactivating groups are the groups that have the ability to withdraw the electron density to the benzene ring. The ortho and para directing groups are the activating groups while meta directing groups are deactivating groups.
The different positions with respect to group
(c)
Interpretation:
The main products of monochlorination of
Concept introduction:
The electrophilic aromatic substitution is the type of reaction in which an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom of the aromatic compound. Chlorination is an example of such a reaction.
The chlorination takes place in the presence of aluminium chloride. In this reaction, the chloronium ion is produced that acts as an electrophile.
The activating groups are the groups that have the ability to donate the electron density to the benzene ring. The deactivating groups are the groups that have the ability to withdraw the electron density to the benzene ring. The ortho and para directing groups are the activating groups while meta directing groups are deactivating groups.
The different positions with respect to group
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General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications Plus Mastering Chemistry With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
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