General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications Plus Mastering Chemistry With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134097329
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 38E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equations for elementary processes involved in the formation of benzenesulfonic acid from reaction of tertiary benzene and sulfuric acid should be written.
Concept introduction:
Sulphonation is a electrophilic substitution reaction in which benzene reacts with sulfur trioxide and fuming sulfuric acid to product benzenesulfonic as a final product.
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CH3
CH3
Br-
Br2
CH2CI2
CH3
CH3
H3C
H3C
Br
Electrophilic addition of bromine, Br2, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a
bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH2C12.
In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to
steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry
is formed.
Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.
Arrow-pushing Instructions
CH3
CH3
Br-
.CH3
.CH3
H3C
H3C
:Br
:Br:
When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H20) at 55°C, the rates of the reaction showed the
following order:
(CH3)3CB > CH3B > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR
Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.
Two different mechanisms are involved. (CH3)3CBr reacts by an
* mechanism and apparently this reaction takes place faster. The other three alkyl halides react by
* mechanism, and their reactions are slower because the
3. The reaction rates of CH3BR, CH3CH2Br, (CH3)2CHBR are affected by
an
* and thus their order of reactivity is CH3B > CH3CH2B > (CH3)2CHBR.
When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of
ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H2O) at 55 °C, the rates of the reaction showed the
following order:
(CH3)3CBR > CH3Br > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR
Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.
Chapter 27 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles And Modern Applications Plus Mastering Chemistry With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 27 - Describe what is meant by each of the following...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2ECh. 27 - Prob. 3ECh. 27 - Prob. 4ECh. 27 - Prob. 5ECh. 27 - Prob. 6ECh. 27 - Prob. 7ECh. 27 - Prob. 8ECh. 27 - Answer the following questions for this SN2...Ch. 27 - Answer the following questions for this SN1...
Ch. 27 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions Answer the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12ECh. 27 - Prob. 13ECh. 27 - Prob. 14ECh. 27 - Prob. 15ECh. 27 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions Molecule...Ch. 27 - Prob. 17ECh. 27 - Prob. 18ECh. 27 - Prob. 19ECh. 27 - Prob. 20ECh. 27 - Prob. 21ECh. 27 - Prob. 22ECh. 27 - Prob. 23ECh. 27 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions (R) — 2 —...Ch. 27 - Prob. 25ECh. 27 - Prob. 26ECh. 27 - Prob. 27ECh. 27 - Prob. 28ECh. 27 - Prob. 29ECh. 27 - Alcohols and Alkenes Predict the product(s) of the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 31ECh. 27 - Alcohols and Alkenes Give the structure of the...Ch. 27 - Alcohols and Alkenes Give the major product that...Ch. 27 - Prob. 34ECh. 27 - Prob. 35ECh. 27 - Prob. 36ECh. 27 - Prob. 37ECh. 27 - Prob. 38ECh. 27 - Prob. 39ECh. 27 - Prob. 40ECh. 27 - Prob. 41ECh. 27 - Prob. 42ECh. 27 - Reactions of Alkanes (a) Write the initiation,...Ch. 27 - Reactions of Alkanes Write the initiation,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 45ECh. 27 - Polymerization Reactions Explain why Dacron is...Ch. 27 - Prob. 47ECh. 27 - Prob. 48ECh. 27 - Prob. 49ECh. 27 - Prob. 50ECh. 27 - Prob. 51ECh. 27 - Prob. 52ECh. 27 - Prob. 53ECh. 27 - Prob. 54ECh. 27 - Prob. 55IAECh. 27 - Prob. 56IAECh. 27 - Prob. 57IAECh. 27 - Prob. 58IAECh. 27 - Prob. 59IAECh. 27 - Prob. 60IAECh. 27 - Prob. 61IAECh. 27 - Prob. 62IAECh. 27 - Prob. 63IAECh. 27 - Prob. 64IAECh. 27 - Prob. 65IAECh. 27 - Prob. 66IAECh. 27 - Prob. 67IAECh. 27 - Prob. 68IAECh. 27 - Prob. 69IAECh. 27 - Prob. 70IAECh. 27 - Prob. 71IAECh. 27 - Prob. 72IAECh. 27 - Prob. 73IAECh. 27 - Prob. 74IAECh. 27 - Prob. 75IAECh. 27 - Prob. 76IAECh. 27 - Prob. 77IAECh. 27 - The reduction of aldehydes and ketones with a...Ch. 27 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 27 - Prob. 80SAECh. 27 - Prob. 81SAECh. 27 - Prob. 82SAECh. 27 - Prob. 83SAECh. 27 - Prob. 84SAECh. 27 - What is the major organic product obtained in the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 86SAE
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