To summarize: The role of vaccines in providing immunity against diseases. Introduction: Vaccines are the substances which are prepared biologically in order to provide an acquired immunity (active) against a particular disease. Vaccines are the pathogens itself or the products of the pathogens, which are treated in a way that they become no more virulent or unable to cause disease. Vaccines prevent many dangerous or even deadly diseases by providing immunity against these diseases. The risk of infection is greatly reduced by vaccines as they work with the body’s natural defenses to safely enlarge the immunity against any disease.

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Chapter 26.4, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To summarize:

The role of vaccines in providing immunity against diseases.

Introduction:

Vaccines are the substances which are prepared biologically in order to provide an acquired immunity (active) against a particular disease. Vaccines are the pathogens itself or the products of the pathogens, which are treated in a way that they become no more virulent or unable to cause disease. Vaccines prevent many dangerous or even deadly diseases by providing immunity against these diseases. The risk of infection is greatly reduced by vaccines as they work with the body’s natural defenses to safely enlarge the immunity against any disease.

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Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1) What differences would you expect to see between the…

Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…