Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(b)
Interpretation:
Nucleotide that acts as a phosphoryl-group transfer is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(c)
Interpretation:
Nucleotide that activates carbohydrates is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(d)
Interpretation:
Nucleotides that activates acyl groups are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(e)
Interpretation:
Nucleotide responsible for electron transfer is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(f)
Interpretation:
Nucleotides that are used in DNA sequencing are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(g)
Interpretation:
Nucleotides used during chemotherapy are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
(h)
Interpretation:
Nucleotides that are used as allosteric effectors are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The building block of DNA and RNA is termed as the nucleotides. Nucleotides are the organic molecules, that plays important roles during cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic reactions. It contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (pyrimidine or purine).
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SAPLINGPLUS F/BIOCHEM+ICLICKER REEF-CODE
- 3. Solve the sequence of an oligopeptide 7 residues long which gave: Asp Leu Lys Met Phe Tyr The following facts were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect b. The PTH derivative from Edman degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products including but not limited to a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lys, and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and a free Lys.arrow_forward3. Solve the sequence of an oligopeptide 7 residues long which gave: Asp Leu Lys Met Phe Tyr The following facts were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect b. The PTH derivative from Edman degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products including but not limited to a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lys, and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and a free Lys. Instructions Make use of the table below to determine the sequence of the mystery protein.arrow_forward2. Phospholipases (PL) are enzymes that hydrolyzes PLA1 phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. Different class of phospholipase cleaves different bond in a phospholipid molecule. Shown on the right are the cleavage sites of four classes of PL: PLA1, PLA2, PLC, and PLD. R1 R2 -O-P-'·O-R3 (a) Write down the reaction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) cleaved by PLA2. Suppose the two acyl groups are R1 and R2 as shown in the figure. Make sure the chiral carbons in the reactions have the right stereochemistry (i.e., use wedge-dash notation), and the charges on the atoms reflect the molecule in neutral pH. PLA2 PLC PLD (b) Which PL is needed in order to release choline for salvage? (c) What is the structure and name of the remaining molecule after cleaving PC by the PL in (b) and releasing choline. No need to use wedge-dash notation. (d) The molecule in (c) can be used to synthesize triacylglycerol. Write down the reactions, including the enzymes and cofactors. Assume the…arrow_forward
- O D. Activator 13. Enzyme A link two fragments of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond using ATP. Classify the Enzyme A based on its' function. O A. Ligase O B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Oxidoreductase 14. Select the best example showing the reaction that catalyzed by lyase elassificetiion.enzvme C回 (33arrow_forwardP CO HI F. sum21.ex1.137 Accessibility Mo 日- Which of the following molecules generally possesses a complex shape that allows the molecule to function as tools and machinery that essentially do all the work within a living cell? 15. A. triglycerides B. proteins C. carbohydrate D. A and Bare correct. 16. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in cell-to-cell signaling? A nroctaalandine Give %00% kidomi 56°F 近 Insert F8 F6 & %24 8. K 2 G oW N Marrow_forward10. What are the steps involved in the ubiquitination of proteins? (select all that apply) a. E1 activates ubiquitin by hydrolyzing ATP to ADP and Pi to generate a thioester bond between ubiquitin C-terminus and an E1 Cysteine residue b. E1 activates ubiquitin by hydrolyzing ATP to AMP and PPI to generate a thioester bond between ubiquitin C-terminus and an E1 Cysteine residue c. E1 transfers activated ubiquitin to E2 enzymes through a transthioesterification reaction d. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate e. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to HECT E3 Ligases f. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to RING E3 Ligases g. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate bound to HECT E3 Ligases h. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate bound to RING E3 Ligases 11. How is ubiquitination regulated? (select all that apply) a. Substrate selection for ubiquitination is mediated by E1 enzymes b. Substrate selection for ubiquitination is mediated by E2 enzymes c. Substrate…arrow_forward
- I only need numbers 39-41arrow_forwardProtease enzymes cleave proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. The strategy for each type of metalloprotease begins with generating a nucleophile that attacks the peptide bond that attacks the peptide carbonyl group. O Macmillan Learning On the basis of the information provided in the figure, show the next step in the mechanism for peptide-bond cleavage by a metalloprotease. Metalloproteases H R₁ HN Zn Enz 2+ R₂ Draw curved arrows on the pre-drawn structures to show the metalloprotease mechanism. If you need to reset the structures, click More followed by Reset Drawing. Select Draw Templates Groups More B - H Enz H H с R1 | : HN O | Zn 2+ B R2 N Zn Erasearrow_forwardThe phosphorylated 5-carbon monosaccharide required for nucleotide synthesis is: ,a. Ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphateb. 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphatec. Xylulose 5-phosphated. Ribose 5-phosphatearrow_forward
- a. What is a heterocyclic amine? What was the most interesting example you found out about? Why was it interesting? b. DNA and RNA are heterocyclic amines with Nitrogen in the center. If sulfur were in the middle of the ring instead of Nitrogen how would this affect the ability to H-bond? c. Show the structure of 2 neurotransmitters. What are some of the interactions you found out about it.arrow_forwardThe alkaline hydrolysis of pAUGCAGC oligonucleotide produces: O A. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 2'-monophosphate O B. Adenosine 2'-monophosphate, adenosine 3'-monophosphate, adenosine 21,5'-bisphosphate OC. Guanosine 2'-monophosphate, guanosine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 3'-monophosphate O D. Cytidine 3'-monophosphate, guanosine 2'-monophosphate, adenine 2'-monophosphate O E. Adenine 3,5'-bisphosphate, guanine 2,5'-bisphosphate, uridine 2'-monophosphate O F. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, guanine 3'-monophosphatearrow_forwardNew anti-cancer agents are being developed that target fatty acid synthase (FASN) due to a requirement for lipid synthesis to promote tumor cell replication. Describe why an enzyme inhibitor targeted to the following sites would or would not work to inhibit lipid synthesis. Explain your answer. If you’re not sure whether it will work, make an argument for and against it working. ACP site on FASN The dimer interface between monomers of FASN Targeting FASN to mitochondrial matrixarrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning