Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24.3, Problem 1CC
Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations can add considerable
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Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways.
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells?
A - Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in metabolic processes.
B - Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes are interchangeable.
C - Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without recognizing foreign DNA.
D - Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be transferred between the two types of cells.
If most of the DNA in Bacteria and Archaea is coding DNA and much of the DNA in higher plants and animals is non-coding (does not code for proteins), does this fact make it reasonable that the single-celled Bacteria and Archaea have lower mutation rates per base-pair than do eukaryotes? Why or why not?
Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of
horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that
assist in metabolic pathways.
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to
successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in
metabolic processes.
Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes
are interchangeable.
Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without
recognizing foreign DNA.
Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be
transferred between the two types of cells.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the main process by which new gene combinations are generated. How do bacteria generate new gene combinations in the absence of sexual reproduction?arrow_forwardA hypothetical gene for cephalosporin resistance is found to be carried by a transposon. Explain what a transposon is. Then explain how the cephalosporin resistance could be horizontally transferred between organisms by transformation, conjugation, and transduction. What steps/events would have to occur to allow the transposon to be transferred by each method. Also, explain how it could be transferred vertically between organisms.arrow_forwardAs discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations per base pair per generation. How many new mutations would you expect each person to carry, on average, based on this mutation rate? Other studies have estimated that each person carries about 100 new loss-of-function mutations. How does this number compare with your estimate of the number of mutations based on the mutation rate? What might account for any differences?arrow_forward
- When an Avidian (with a genome size of 50 sites) reproduces with a 10% per site mutation rate, and if the number of mutations per genome is Poisson distributed, then what is the most likely outcome? Possible answers: 4 per genome is most likely, 5 per genome is most likely, 4 mutations per genome and 5 mutations per genome are equally likely, A number other than 4 and/or 5 mutations per genome is most likelyarrow_forwardIn 2006, there was a sudden, unexplained die-off of honeybee colonies throughout the United States. The die-off was economically significant because one-third of the human diet comes from insect-pollinated plants, and honeybees are responsible for 80% of the pollination. In October of 2006, the sequence of the honeybee genome was reported. Interestingly, the genome was found to contain far fewer cytochrome P450 genes than do the genomes of other insects. Suggest how the die-off and the paucity of P450 genes may be related.arrow_forwardBetween gene mutation and structural mutations, which of the two types of mutation would likely persist in the population? Explain.arrow_forward
- Describe the different classes of DNA sequence variation that exist in eukaryotes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly lists mutation types in order from least likely to affect an organisms phenotype to most likely to affect its phenotype 1.) nonsense mutation; missense mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplication 2.) point substitution in an intron; missense mutation; framshift mutation; chromosomal duplication 3.) point substitution in an intron; frameshift mutation; missense mutation; chromosomal duplication 4.) missense mutation; frameshift mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplicationarrow_forwardFor eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organism, which of the following would one expect to occur? a) All the cells are identical b) The endoplasmic reticulum is not involved. c) These specialized cells activate only the genes in their nucleoid area. d) Cells must be getting new genetic mutations and more DNA e) none of these are true.arrow_forward
- Explain why a gene drive locus can spread through a population through sexual reproduction.arrow_forwardfind an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or archaea. Which organisms are the genes transferred between? Explain the set of genes that were transferred. Include what they are for and what the advantage to sharing those genes are.What do the organisms use the genes for?Which organisms the transfer happened between?What might be the advantage be to share the genes with other organisms?arrow_forwardAntibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin, and bacitracin are small organic molecules that are synthesized by particular species of bacteria. Microbiologists have hypothesized that the reason why certain bacteria make antibiotics is to kill other species that occupy the same environment. Bacteria that produce an antibiotic may be able to kill competing species. Eliminating competitors provides more resources for the antibiotic-producing bacteria. In addition, bacteria that have the genes necessary for antibiotic biosynthesis contain genes that confer resistance to the same antibiotic. For example, tetracycline is made by the soil bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. Besides the genes that are needed to make tetracycline, S. aureofaciens also has genes that confer tetracycline resistance; otherwise, it would kill itself when it makes tetracycline. In recent years, however, many other species of bacteria that do not synthesize tetracycline have acquired the genes that confer…arrow_forward
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