<LCPO> BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781266216398
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 23.2, Problem 2LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason that only shared, derived characters indicate close evolutionary relationship.
Introduction: Derived characters can be defined as a contrast to an assembly that is closely associated and are known to be as out-group.
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Explain the concept of an evolutionary tree. Also, explain why it is significant.
Construct a character matrix with at least five characters for organisms beetle, pigeon, perch, salamander, and a mouse. (Pay attention to eyes, legs, number legs, antennae, body type/form; not limited to here). Then construct a phylogenetic tree using the character matrix and map the synapomorphies.
Explain how homology is different from convergent evolution and give examples.
Chapter 23 Solutions
<LCPO> BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Explain two factors that lead to adaptive evolution.arrow_forwardDerived characters are traits that characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. are less suited to the environment than ancestral characters. are more complicated than ancestral characters.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious? Character Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Tuna Salamander Turtle Leopard Dolphin 1. Backbone 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2. Hinged Jaw 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3. Four Limbs 0 0 0 1 1 1 1* 4. Amnion 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5. Milk 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6. Dorsal fin 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 *Dolphins have 4 limbs (2 fins and 2 hind limb buds as embryos)arrow_forward
- Represent through a cladogram the evolutionary relationships among spiders, birds, porifera, Homo sapiens, lampreys, nematodes, tuna, clam and jellyfish by listing them in order from most closely related to most distantly related. Indicate in the cladogram where different types of body symmetry arise in the evolutionary process. pe youranswer here:arrow_forwardUse the evolutionary tree below to answer the following questions:arrow_forwardDefine homology and describe the different ways in which homologous characteristics provide evidence for the structure of the tree of life.arrow_forward
- Label the four parts of the evolutionary tree as indicating a monophyletic group, a paraphyletic group, or a polyphyletic group. Each label may be used more than once or not at all Paraphyletic group Polyphyletic group Birds Monophyletic group Nonavian "Class Reptilla": dinosaurs Crocodiles Lizards and snakes Turtles Mammals Amphiblans Resetarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: divergent evolution, convergent evolution, analogous structures, homologous structuresarrow_forwardExplain the concept of a molecular clock and its use in dating a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- Choose the correct descriptions for synapomorphies and apomorphies. Synapomorphy: A derived trait unique to a single species Synapomorphy: A shared derived trait that unites a group of organisms Apomorphy: A trait shared by all members of a group due to common ancestry Apomorphy: A derived trait that can be unique to a single speciesarrow_forwardA phylogenetic tree shows how long a given species has existed. Group of answer choices: True Falsearrow_forwardCompare and contrast homologous structures and analogous structures. Provide one example of two homologous structures, and one example of two analogous structures.arrow_forward
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Discovering the tree of life | California Academy of Sciences; Author: California Academy of Sciences;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjvLQJ6PIiU;License: Standard Youtube License