LCPO CHEMISTRY W/MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214756
Author: Robinson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.114SP
Draw all the possible resonance structure for
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The carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]
Covalent bonds: H―HC―HO―HO═O C≡O Bond energy (kJ/mol):4364154654981080Calculate the enthalpy change (H, in kJ/mol) for the following reaction and indicate whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.(*BE for C═Oin CO2)(a) CH4(g)+ H2O(g)CO(g)+ 3H2(g);
What possible error(s) exist in the Lewis structure (assume we are trying to represent the best
possible Lewis structure for the NO₂S ion knowing N is the central atom in this polyatomic ion)?
[:ö==S:
N=
CO
:O:
The best structure would have double bond and two lone pairs on each oxygen atom and a single bond with
three lone pairs on the sulfur.
There are no errors. This is the best possible structure.
The Lewis structure above does not minimize formal charges, thus is the not the best possible structure.
The nitrogen atom has an expanded octet, and this structure is impossible.
The Lewis structure contains the wrong number of electrons, thus this structure is impossible.
Chapter 22 Solutions
LCPO CHEMISTRY W/MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 22 - Which element has more nonmetallic character:Cl or...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.2ACh. 22 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.4ACh. 22 - Prob. 22.5PCh. 22 - Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and Din...Ch. 22 - What are the formula and charge of the silicate...Ch. 22 - Suggest a plausible structure for the silicate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.9PCh. 22 - Write balanced net ionic equations for the...
Ch. 22 - Liquid hydrogen has been used as a fuel in theU.S....Ch. 22 - (a) Write balanced equations for the...Ch. 22 - Write a balanced equation for the production of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.16PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22 - Locate each of the following groups of elements on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.20CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.21CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.22CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.23CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.26CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.27CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.28CPCh. 22 - Consider the six second- and third-row elements in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.30CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.31CPCh. 22 - Which element in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 22 - Arrange the following elements in order of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.34SPCh. 22 - Arrange the following elements in order of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36SPCh. 22 - Arrange the following elements in order of...Ch. 22 - Which element in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 22 - Which element in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.40SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43SPCh. 22 - Consider the elements C, Se, B, Sn, and Cl....Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.45SPCh. 22 - BF3 reacts with F to give BF4 , but AlF3 reacts...Ch. 22 - GeCl4 reacts with Cl to give GeCl62 , but CCl4...Ch. 22 - At ordinary temperatures, sulfur exists as S8 but...Ch. 22 - Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen form bonds, but...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.50SPCh. 22 - Consider the elements Mn, Al, C, S, and Si. Which...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.52SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.53SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54SPCh. 22 - The hydrogen-filled dirigible Hindenburg had a...Ch. 22 - Write the chemical formula of a compound that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.57SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.60SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.61SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62SPCh. 22 - Describe the molecular geometry of: (a) GeH4(b)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.64SPCh. 22 - Explain why the hydrogen atoms in interstitial...Ch. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 22 - Look at the properties of the alkali metals...Ch. 22 - Why does chemical reactivity increase from top to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.70SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.71SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.73SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75SPCh. 22 - Magnesium metal is produced by electrolysis of...Ch. 22 - How many hours are required to produce 10.0 kg of...Ch. 22 - Assign charges to the oxygen-containing anions in...Ch. 22 - Assign charges to the oxygen-containing anions in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.80SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82SPCh. 22 - What is the oxidation state of the group 3A...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.84SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.85SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.86SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.87SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.88SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.89SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.90SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.91SPCh. 22 - Draw the electron-dot structure for CO, CO2 , and...Ch. 22 - What is the hybridization and geometry around...Ch. 22 - Which of the group 4A elements have allot ropes...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.95SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.96SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.97SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.98SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.99SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.100SPCh. 22 - Suggest a plausible structure for the silicate...Ch. 22 - Carbon is an essential element in the molecules on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.103SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.104SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.105SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.106SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.107SPCh. 22 - Draw an electron-dot structure for N2 , and...Ch. 22 - Describe the structures of the white and red...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.110SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.111SPCh. 22 - Account for each of the following observations....Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the properties of ammonia and...Ch. 22 - Draw all the possible resonance structure for N2O...Ch. 22 - Could the strain in the P4 molecule be reduced by...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.116SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.117SPCh. 22 - In industry O2 is prepared by fractional...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.119SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.120SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.121SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.122SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.123SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.124SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.125SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.126SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.127SPCh. 22 - Which is more acidic? (a) Cr2O3orCrO3 (b)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.129SPCh. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.132SPCh. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for the...Ch. 22 - Describe the structure of the sulfur molecules in:...Ch. 22 - The viscosity of liquid sulfur increases sharply...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.136SPCh. 22 - Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.138SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.139SPCh. 22 - Write electron-dot structures for each of the...Ch. 22 - (a) Why is the SO3 molecule trigonal planar hut...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.142SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.143SPCh. 22 - Little is known about the chemistry of astatine...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.145SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.146SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.147SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.148SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.149SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.150SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.151SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.152SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.153SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.154SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.155SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.156SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.157SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.158SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.159SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.160MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.161MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.162MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.163MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.164MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.165MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.166MPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.167MP
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- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardConsider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no sulfur–sulfur nor oxygen–oxygen bonds. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the pyrosulfate ion using only single bonds. (b) What is the formal charge on the sulfur atoms for the Lewis structure you drew in part (a)? (c) Write another Lewis structure using six bonds and two O—S bonds. (d) What is the formal charge on each atom for the structure you drew in part (c)?arrow_forwardNitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.arrow_forward
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- Arrange these resonance forms of OCN" in order of most plausible Lewis structure to least plausible Lewis structure: A B C [ö-c=N:] [•0=c=ÿ•] [:ö=c=N:] [:0=c-N:] Most plausible Lewis structure 1 3 Least plausible Lewis structurearrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures for NCO− ion. Use formal charges to predict the most stable one (i.e. the one that has the lowest energy configuration) and the least stable. Briefly explain.arrow_forwardUsing formal charge as a guide, choose the most favorable Lewis structure for the phosphate ion, PO43-. (Note: electronegativity values: P = 2.1, O = 3.5) Group of answer choices Structure II Structure II Structure I All three structures are equally favorable.arrow_forward
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