To determine: The equation that shows the relation between carbon dioxide and pH.
Introduction: Carbon dioxide can be considered as an essential metabolite in almost all the living organisms. It can freely diffuse in and out of the cells of an organism.
To determine: The enzymes that are responsible for an increase in the rate of such a reaction.
Introduction: An enzyme is responsible for increasing the rate of a particular reaction. An enzyme is never used up during the whole reaction.
To determine: The types of cells that have a high concentration of this enzyme.
Introduction: The enzymes are responsible for enhancing the
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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
- Interested in studying ethanol fermentation, you prepare two solutions of yeast extract that contains the cytosolic contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. You add glucose to both extracts at time zero, but to one (in red) you also add inorganic phosphate (added in two batches). Using a gas sensor, you monitor the CO2 generated by the two solutions over time and obtain the following data:arrow_forwardDescribe why there are different set of data, Abs, ln(Abs), and 1/Abs in function of time. Explain how do you determine the rate constant and the effect of changing the concentrations of the components. If detected, which concentration changes the kobs?arrow_forwardA phosphatase, acting on glycerophosphate, is capable of releasing inorganic phosphate with the results that appear in the attached table. Graphically calculate KM and Vmax in the conditions of the experiment. Concentration of glycerophosphate (mM) Realeased phosphate in 10 min (micromol) (µmol)arrow_forward
- In the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not likely to favor an overall delta G value that is negative? A) O The complete breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water. B) OA molecule moving down its concentration gradient (i.e., high to low concentration) C) O The reduction of carbon dioxide to form glucose (i.e., 6 CO2 + 6 H2O to form C6H1206+ 6 02). D) OA process that results in an increase in entropy E) O increasing the quantity of reactants over products in a chemical reaction by 1000Xarrow_forwardThe following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and how these might appear graphically on a Michaelis-Menten plot and a Lineweaver-Burke plot. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that will convert CO2 and water into HCO3. CO2 + H20 > H+ + HCO3 There are many different isoforms of this enzyme. (see for instance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase . Imidazol is a competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. It is effective at an alkaline (high) pH; in lower (more acidic) pH, it no longer inhibits the enzyme. Draw on a separate graph a Lineweaver-Burke plot for the effects of this compound at high pH and low pH. Be sure to label the axes and put in sample data points.arrow_forward
- The following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and how these might appear graphically on a Michaelis-Menten plot and a Lineweaver-Burke plot. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that will convert CO2 and water into HCO3. CO2 + H20 > H+ + HCO3 There are many different isoforms of this enzyme. (see for instance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase . Assume that one variant has a Km of 10 µM and a different variant has a Km of 100 µM. Draw on the same graph a typical Michaelis-Menton plot showing the alteration in the rate of carbonic anhydrase as the CO2 level is varied for the two different variants of enzyme, assuming the concentration of the enzyme (10 mM) in the test tube is kept constant. Assume that you have equal amounts of the two different variants of carbonic anhydrase in a number of test tubes and that the Vmax for both enzymes are the same. Be sure to label the axes. For the same conditions as above, draw a…arrow_forwardThe following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and how these might appear graphically on a Michaelis-Menten plot and a Lineweaver-Burke plot. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that will convert CO2 and water into HCO3. CO2 + H20 > H+ + HCO3 There are many different isoforms of this enzyme. (see for instance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase 1 Assume that one variant has a Km of 10 µM and a different variant has a Km of 100 µM. Draw on the same graph a typical Michaelis-Menton plot showing the alteration in the rate of carbonic anhydrase as the CO2 level is varied for the two different variants of enzyme, assuming the concentration of the enzyme (10 mM) in the test tube is kept constant. Assume that you have equal amounts of the two different variants of carbonic anhydrase in a number of test tubes and that the Vmax for both enzymes are the same. Be sure to label the axes. For the same conditions as above, draw a…arrow_forwardHuman serum albumin is another protein that has an extremely long half life in the body. Due to this, the low probability event, glycation does take place. Write a rate law for this reaction: Rate = k[glucose] Rate = k[hemoglobin] Rate = k [glucose hemoglobin albumin]arrow_forward
- What molecules move in and out of the cells of Boat lily? If the set-up using .9% NaCl solution exposure will be prolonged, what will happen? http://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=79&brch=17&sim=199&cnt=4arrow_forwardThe following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and how these might appear graphically on a Michaelis-Menten plot and a Lineweaver-Burke plot. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that will convert CO2 and water into HCO3. CO2 + H20 > H+ + HCO3 There are many different isoforms of this enzyme. Morphine is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Draw on the same Lineweaver-Burke plot as above a graph showing the effect of a concentration of morphine that inhibits the first enzyme such that it reduces the Vmax to ½ its maximal value. Make sure to put in sample data points. Imidazol is a competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. It is effective at an alkaline (high) pH; in lower (more acidic) pH, it no longer inhibits the enzyme. Draw on a separate graph a Lineweaver-Burke plot for the effects of this compound at high pH and low pH. Be sure to label the axes and put in sample data points.arrow_forwardCarbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid. Zn+2 cation assists in the catalytic process. Which function does carbon dioxide play in this process? A) It is an enzyme b) It is a substrate c) it is a cofactor d) it is the active site Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid. Zn+2 cation assists in the catalytic process. Which function does Zn+2 cation play in this process? A) It is an enzyme b) It is a substrate c) it is a cofactor d) it is the active site The amino acids Asp, Ser, His and Glu, which are part of the polypeptide chain, bind to both carbon dioxide and Zn+2 cation during the catalytic process. Which role are these amino acids playing in the catalytic process? A) they are prosthetic groups b) they are coenzymes. C) they are reaction products d) They are found in the active site Kinases catalyze the transfer of which group from one…arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning